Mesopotamia
the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Fertile Cresent
an arc land in between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea
rich soil, abundant crops
Fertile Cresent was able to sustain an early civilization because it had ______, and _________
Silt
mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake
Irrigation
the process of supplying water to land to grow crops on a regular basis
Assyria, Akkad, Sumer
Three 3 general areas of Ancient Mesopotamia are ______, ________, _______
Sumerians
the earliest known civlization; were the first to have a language and are responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions.
Eridu, Ur, Uruk
By 3000 BC, Mesopotamia had established many cities like ________, __________, _______
City-states
an area that governed itself and controlled the sorrounding countryside politically and economically
Mud Bricks
Ancient Mesopotamia used ____ _____ to build things like arches, the dome, and some of the largest buildings in the world
Ziggurat
a massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a sumerian city
physically, economically, politically
Temples served as the center of the city for reasons __________, ___________, ________
Theocracy
a government by divine authority
nobles, commoners, slaves
The 3 major social groups of Sumerican city-states were ________, _______, ________
Nobles
royal and priestly officials and their families
Commoners
worked for palace and temple estates and as farmers, merchants, fishers, and craftsmen
Slaves
belonged to palace officials
building, and farming
Male slaves had jobs like _______, and _______
weave clothing, grind grain
Female slaves had jobs like _______
Akkadians
this civilization included Semitic people living north of Sumeria; united city-states of Mesopotamia; first empire in history; established by Sargon the Great
Semitic people
People who speak a subset of the Afroasitic languages
2340
Sargon overran the sumerian city-states and set-up the first empire in ____ BC
Empire
large political unit of state, usually under a single leader, that controls many people and territories
Babylon
city state south of Akkad rule by Hamurrabi
Hammurabi's Code
based on a system of strict justice
Retaliation
a system that was part of Hammurabi's Code meaning "an eye for an eye
Patriarchal
society dominated by men
Gods
power spiritual beings who permeated all aspects of the universe
Polytheistic
Belief in many gods
Cuneiform
wedged shaped" system of writing in which wedge shaped impressions were made on clay tablets
Mobilization
the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
Geography
study of the earth's surface
between
In Greek, Meso means ________
river
In Greek, potamos means ________
Fertile Cresent
an arc of land from the Meditteranean Sea to the Persian Gulf
Rich silt
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flood that resulted into ________
Rich Silt
was deposited when floods occur which made soil rich for a flourishing
Sumer, Akkad, Babylon, Assyria
The 4 areas that ancient Mesopotamia covered were _______, _________, _________, _________
Sumerians
The __________ developed the first Mesopotamian civilization
Sumerian economy
agricultural, but over time, industry and trade
Sargon
leader of the akkadians, overran the sumerian city-states and set up the first empire in world history
forces, and deities
Mesopotamian believed that the world was controlled by ofter destructive supernatural _____, and _____
deities
gods and goddesses
serve, and obey
Humans' purpose was to _____, and ____ the Gods
Abzu
a mythical place where Gods live and ME reside and where their results and influence originate
ME
live influencing powers like lover, hate, etc.
record keeping, teaching, law
Writing was used for _______, _______, ______
Eduba
name for ancient Akkadian scribe school
Cylinder Seal
Mesopotamian system of impressing symbolic notation onto wet clay with a marked cylinder