olmec maya inca aztec
what order did the following civilizations arise, beginning with earliest: aztec inca maya olmec
along the gulf coast of what are now mexico guatemala and honduras
where did the olmec live
theocracy
government run by religious leaders
they cut terraces into steep slopes so they could plant crops (like stairs)
how were inca able to farm on mountainous land
a small city but an extraordinary place. it was a religious center where they had religious ceremonies
machu pichu
central america, carribean islands, and western california
which area of north america had highest native american population density in 1500
far north and greenland
which region of north america had lowest native american population density in 1500
west coast has areas with higher population
contrast native american population density on east coast with that on west coast of north america
coasts of north america had more population density than interior of continent
compare population densities of north america coasts with that of interior of continent. how are they different
carribean islands
which of these areas had highest native american population density: western coast of hudson bay, central greenland, carribean islands, west coast of the present day of US
generally decreases from south to north
which of following statements describes native american population density: generally decreases south to north, all islands have low population density, generally increases moving from coasts to central areas, basically same everywhere
decreased in 1600's and 1700's
which of following statements best describes how population changed in north america after european settlers arrived in the 1600s and 1700s
it was easiest way to explain things
why you think mayans believed that the Gods controlled what happened on earth
they used slaves human labor and engineering, also drafted soldiers
how aztecs build military empire
have most land: thousands of miles, had largest population and army, had paved roads and terraces, terrace systems, haad their own record keeping system: quipus, had common language
why incas were considered greatest civilization
migration
large amounts of people moving from place to place
nomads
people who move from place to place
ice ages
world was covered in ice; ended when nomads got to north america
bison woolly mammoth saber toothed tiger
nomads hunted______________
maize
corn, a reliable source of food, no more hunting
trading, surplus of food, population increase, can now form communities
food supply increase (maize)
culture
way of life
carbon dating
measure amont of carbon in an artifact
archaeology
study of ancient people
artifacts
things left behind; bones, buildings, etc
tenochtitlan
capital city in present day mexico city
aztec
______built a large military empire using slaves, human labor, engineering, and they drafted soldiers
hernan cortes
spanish soldiers entered tenochtitlan led by ___________
mayan
____built their civilizations in the steamy rainforests of mexico, guatemala, honduras, and belize
tikal
largest mayan city was ______ in present day guatemala
mayan
invented hieroglyphics, form of writing
civilizations
highly developed societies
bingham
_____discovered machu pichu: a small city located in the ruins of an early inca city
mexico and central and south america
civilizations in ___ and ___ and ___ ____ built enormous cities in thick jungles and on mountain tops that were hard to reach, developed complex systems in writing counting and tracking time
olmec maya aztec inca
___ ___ ___ __ were among the largest and most advanced civilizations
olmec
____ flourished between 1500 bc and 300 bc on gulf coast
olmec
_____ workers built stone pavements and drainage systems
maya
___ built civilizations in steamy rainforests of mexico guatemala honduras and belize
maya
planted maize beans sweet potatoes and other vegetables
maya
__ civilization enslaved people and war prisoners and made them build pyramids and monuments
tikal
largest mayan city in present day guatemala
gold jewelry and detailed headdresses
priests in mayan civilization wore ___ ____ and ____ _____
theocraccy
a society ruled by religious leaders
hieroglyphics
form of writing that uses symbols pictures to represent things ideas and sounds
clothes cotton pottery dear meat and salt
mayans exchanged food (crops) for __,___,____,__ __ and __
canoes
mayans transported goods by water in ____
ad 900
around ad____ the mayans began to decrease in lowlands
texcoco
aztecs came upon lake ____ where they found aztec sign: eagle sitting on cactus with snake on beak
tenochtitlan
___ was one of greatest cities in americas that emerged from texcoco
aztec
____ civilization grew into military empire that conquered nearly all rival communities
thousands
___ of war prisoners were sacrificed
hernan cortes
spanish soldiers entered tencohtitlan led by ___ _____
inca
empire of ___ was largest of early american civilizations
cuzco
inca founded capital city of ___ around ad 1200
9 million
inca had population of __ _____ including conquered people; incan army was powerful
quechua
inca language ___ became the official language of the empire
quipus
inca didnt have system of writing but developed system of record keeping with a string called ____
terraces
steplike ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming
machu pichu
inca built special cities devoted to religious ceremonies one was ___
hohokam
lived in arizona
hohokam
built irrigation channels
anasazi
lived in utah colorado arizon new mexico
anasazi
lived in pueblos
pueblos
stone houses and villiages that are in cliffs
pueblo bonito
largest settlement of anasazi
mesa verde
largest cliff dwelling of anasazi; drought made them leave
mound builders
influenced by mayans, aztecs
cahokia
largest settlement of mound builders
inuits
people that live in north
igloos
inuits and people of north lived there, a home made of ice where the Inuit lived in the winter
made of seal; whales and caribou
people of north wore sweaters made of ____; hunted ___ and ____
apaches and navajo
nomads; people of west
hogans
Navajo built homes that were cone-shaped shelters built by covering a wooden frame with mud or adobe; temporary wooden house since they were nomads
adobe
southwest people lived in houes made of sun-dried brick = ?
comanche and dakota
people of plains that lived in tepees; nomads
tepees
pole-framed tents covered with skins, used by the Plains Indians
warfare and hunt animals
people of plains (hunters) used horses for ____ and __ ____; obtained wild horses from spanish
confederacy
iroquis had the ____: the govt that grouped people together, they have constitution, women picked men for council
far north
hunted caribou, seals, whales, walruses; clothing made from fur and seaskins
northwest
ate salmon; used resources of forest and sea
onondoga, seneca, mohawk, oneida, cayuga
5 groups of iroquis confederacy
california intermountain
ate fish deer roots berries acorns seeds; nomadic
great plains
ate antelope deer buffalo maize squash beans; rode horses in warfares
eastern woodlands
cultivated plants; women owned land
southwest
ate corn maize beans squash melons pumpkins fruit; apache and navajo
southeast
ate corn tobacco squash and other crops; farmed river bottomlands
squeezed every drop available of water from sunbaked soil; built irrigation channels
how hohokam people help provide water for fields
pueblos
what dwellings did anasazi build
because it was huge and had traces of a complex road system linking pueblo bonitowith other villages
why archaeologists think pueblo bonito was important center for anasazi
some of mounds contained burial chambers and others looked like temples
what was purpose os some of mounds built by mound builders
a widespread pattern of trade
what do artifacts found in mounds indicate
it was largest settlement of mound builders and contained great pyramid shaped mound
why is cahokia a special place
they built igloos, their clothing was warm and waterprrof
how did inuit survive cold arctic climate and fished with spears
built wooden house canoes and baskets
how did tlingit haida and chinook adapt their way of life to the forest and sea environment of west coast
between cascade and rocky mts
where did nez perce and yakima settle
because soil was hard and rocky
why did ute and shoshone travel to find food
they were hunters and gatherers
how did apache and navajo (peoples of southwest) get most of their food
wild horses
what animal became important to peoples of plains during hunting and warfare
had positions of powers the woman picked the men for the council
important activities iroquis women did
creek cherokee chicksaw
3 native american peoples who lived in present day georgia alabama and mississippi
artifacts
archaeologists learn about ancient peoples by studying stone tools carvings and other ___
beringia
archaeologists believe that the first americans came from asia over a strip of land called ____ that once connected asia and north america
bering strait
this land bridge that the first amreicans crossed about 30,00 years ago now lieas under the ___
hunting
the early americans were nomads who depended on ____ for most of their food
atlantic ocean; south america
over the centuries the migrants spread out as far east as the ____ ____ and as far south as the tip of ___ ____
woolly mammoth
the first americans found huge mammals including the saber toothed tiger, mastodon and ___ ____
weapons and tools
people used the bones of the animal to make ____ and _____
food
when large animals began to die out the early americans had to find other sources of ___
maize
about 9000 years ago people living in present day mexico learned to plant and raise a form of corn called ____
communities
as they began to produce their own supply of food early americans formed stable _____
carbon
scientists learn much about early villages by studying the age of artifacts which can be done by measuring the amount of radioactive ____ remaining iin things that were once alive such as bones or wood
shelters
people of ancient mexico began to build permanent ___
cultures
over time different groups of people in americas developed their own ____
tenochtitlans
____s construction was because of engineering and human labor
tenochtitlan
largest city in americas; aztec capital; center of trade attracting thousands of people
theocracy
aztec grew into great military empire aztec organized society around religion = ?
1518
thousands of prisoners of war were sacrificed; around ___hernan cortes and spanish soldiers conquered tenochtitlan
montezuma
aztec emperor ____ welcomed cortes and soldiers; emperor was later made cortes's prisoner; hernan cortes took over and conquered aztecs
inca
____ empire largest of early american civilizations
pachacuti and topa inca
____ and ___ ___ built an empire that stretched for more than 3000 miles from colombia to argentina and chile; incan army powerful
inca
quipus was part of ____ civilization
inca
used terraces ___ civilization
1532
in ___ pizarro captured inca ruler, atahualpa and destroyed much of inca army
pizarro
in few years ____ had gained control of most of vast inca empire; europeans took over, conquered
300
by ad __ mayan buil many large cities
maya
skilled astronomers __ civilization
maya
developed hieroglyphics ____ civilization
maya
developed 365 day calendar which increased knowledge of math
900
around ad ___ the maya civilization began to decrease in lowlands
1100
by ad ____ the great cities were ghost towns; no one knows cause of decline
mexico and central america
maya civilization collapsed but descendants of maya still live in parts of ___ and __ ___