history

olmec maya inca aztec

what order did the following civilizations arise, beginning with earliest: aztec inca maya olmec

along the gulf coast of what are now mexico guatemala and honduras

where did the olmec live

theocracy

government run by religious leaders

they cut terraces into steep slopes so they could plant crops (like stairs)

how were inca able to farm on mountainous land

a small city but an extraordinary place. it was a religious center where they had religious ceremonies

machu pichu

central america, carribean islands, and western california

which area of north america had highest native american population density in 1500

far north and greenland

which region of north america had lowest native american population density in 1500

west coast has areas with higher population

contrast native american population density on east coast with that on west coast of north america

coasts of north america had more population density than interior of continent

compare population densities of north america coasts with that of interior of continent. how are they different

carribean islands

which of these areas had highest native american population density: western coast of hudson bay, central greenland, carribean islands, west coast of the present day of US

generally decreases from south to north

which of following statements describes native american population density: generally decreases south to north, all islands have low population density, generally increases moving from coasts to central areas, basically same everywhere

decreased in 1600's and 1700's

which of following statements best describes how population changed in north america after european settlers arrived in the 1600s and 1700s

it was easiest way to explain things

why you think mayans believed that the Gods controlled what happened on earth

they used slaves human labor and engineering, also drafted soldiers

how aztecs build military empire

have most land: thousands of miles, had largest population and army, had paved roads and terraces, terrace systems, haad their own record keeping system: quipus, had common language

why incas were considered greatest civilization

migration

large amounts of people moving from place to place

nomads

people who move from place to place

ice ages

world was covered in ice; ended when nomads got to north america

bison woolly mammoth saber toothed tiger

nomads hunted______________

maize

corn, a reliable source of food, no more hunting

trading, surplus of food, population increase, can now form communities

food supply increase (maize)

culture

way of life

carbon dating

measure amont of carbon in an artifact

archaeology

study of ancient people

artifacts

things left behind; bones, buildings, etc

tenochtitlan

capital city in present day mexico city

aztec

______built a large military empire using slaves, human labor, engineering, and they drafted soldiers

hernan cortes

spanish soldiers entered tenochtitlan led by ___________

mayan

____built their civilizations in the steamy rainforests of mexico, guatemala, honduras, and belize

tikal

largest mayan city was ______ in present day guatemala

mayan

invented hieroglyphics, form of writing

civilizations

highly developed societies

bingham

_____discovered machu pichu: a small city located in the ruins of an early inca city

mexico and central and south america

civilizations in ___ and ___ and ___ ____ built enormous cities in thick jungles and on mountain tops that were hard to reach, developed complex systems in writing counting and tracking time

olmec maya aztec inca

___ ___ ___ __ were among the largest and most advanced civilizations

olmec

____ flourished between 1500 bc and 300 bc on gulf coast

olmec

_____ workers built stone pavements and drainage systems

maya

___ built civilizations in steamy rainforests of mexico guatemala honduras and belize

maya

planted maize beans sweet potatoes and other vegetables

maya

__ civilization enslaved people and war prisoners and made them build pyramids and monuments

tikal

largest mayan city in present day guatemala

gold jewelry and detailed headdresses

priests in mayan civilization wore ___ ____ and ____ _____

theocraccy

a society ruled by religious leaders

hieroglyphics

form of writing that uses symbols pictures to represent things ideas and sounds

clothes cotton pottery dear meat and salt

mayans exchanged food (crops) for __,___,____,__ __ and __

canoes

mayans transported goods by water in ____

ad 900

around ad____ the mayans began to decrease in lowlands

texcoco

aztecs came upon lake ____ where they found aztec sign: eagle sitting on cactus with snake on beak

tenochtitlan

___ was one of greatest cities in americas that emerged from texcoco

aztec

____ civilization grew into military empire that conquered nearly all rival communities

thousands

___ of war prisoners were sacrificed

hernan cortes

spanish soldiers entered tencohtitlan led by ___ _____

inca

empire of ___ was largest of early american civilizations

cuzco

inca founded capital city of ___ around ad 1200

9 million

inca had population of __ _____ including conquered people; incan army was powerful

quechua

inca language ___ became the official language of the empire

quipus

inca didnt have system of writing but developed system of record keeping with a string called ____

terraces

steplike ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming

machu pichu

inca built special cities devoted to religious ceremonies one was ___

hohokam

lived in arizona

hohokam

built irrigation channels

anasazi

lived in utah colorado arizon new mexico

anasazi

lived in pueblos

pueblos

stone houses and villiages that are in cliffs

pueblo bonito

largest settlement of anasazi

mesa verde

largest cliff dwelling of anasazi; drought made them leave

mound builders

influenced by mayans, aztecs

cahokia

largest settlement of mound builders

inuits

people that live in north

igloos

inuits and people of north lived there, a home made of ice where the Inuit lived in the winter

made of seal; whales and caribou

people of north wore sweaters made of ____; hunted ___ and ____

apaches and navajo

nomads; people of west

hogans

Navajo built homes that were cone-shaped shelters built by covering a wooden frame with mud or adobe; temporary wooden house since they were nomads

adobe

southwest people lived in houes made of sun-dried brick = ?

comanche and dakota

people of plains that lived in tepees; nomads

tepees

pole-framed tents covered with skins, used by the Plains Indians

warfare and hunt animals

people of plains (hunters) used horses for ____ and __ ____; obtained wild horses from spanish

confederacy

iroquis had the ____: the govt that grouped people together, they have constitution, women picked men for council

far north

hunted caribou, seals, whales, walruses; clothing made from fur and seaskins

northwest

ate salmon; used resources of forest and sea

onondoga, seneca, mohawk, oneida, cayuga

5 groups of iroquis confederacy

california intermountain

ate fish deer roots berries acorns seeds; nomadic

great plains

ate antelope deer buffalo maize squash beans; rode horses in warfares

eastern woodlands

cultivated plants; women owned land

southwest

ate corn maize beans squash melons pumpkins fruit; apache and navajo

southeast

ate corn tobacco squash and other crops; farmed river bottomlands

squeezed every drop available of water from sunbaked soil; built irrigation channels

how hohokam people help provide water for fields

pueblos

what dwellings did anasazi build

because it was huge and had traces of a complex road system linking pueblo bonitowith other villages

why archaeologists think pueblo bonito was important center for anasazi

some of mounds contained burial chambers and others looked like temples

what was purpose os some of mounds built by mound builders

a widespread pattern of trade

what do artifacts found in mounds indicate

it was largest settlement of mound builders and contained great pyramid shaped mound

why is cahokia a special place

they built igloos, their clothing was warm and waterprrof

how did inuit survive cold arctic climate and fished with spears

built wooden house canoes and baskets

how did tlingit haida and chinook adapt their way of life to the forest and sea environment of west coast

between cascade and rocky mts

where did nez perce and yakima settle

because soil was hard and rocky

why did ute and shoshone travel to find food

they were hunters and gatherers

how did apache and navajo (peoples of southwest) get most of their food

wild horses

what animal became important to peoples of plains during hunting and warfare

had positions of powers the woman picked the men for the council

important activities iroquis women did

creek cherokee chicksaw

3 native american peoples who lived in present day georgia alabama and mississippi

artifacts

archaeologists learn about ancient peoples by studying stone tools carvings and other ___

beringia

archaeologists believe that the first americans came from asia over a strip of land called ____ that once connected asia and north america

bering strait

this land bridge that the first amreicans crossed about 30,00 years ago now lieas under the ___

hunting

the early americans were nomads who depended on ____ for most of their food

atlantic ocean; south america

over the centuries the migrants spread out as far east as the ____ ____ and as far south as the tip of ___ ____

woolly mammoth

the first americans found huge mammals including the saber toothed tiger, mastodon and ___ ____

weapons and tools

people used the bones of the animal to make ____ and _____

food

when large animals began to die out the early americans had to find other sources of ___

maize

about 9000 years ago people living in present day mexico learned to plant and raise a form of corn called ____

communities

as they began to produce their own supply of food early americans formed stable _____

carbon

scientists learn much about early villages by studying the age of artifacts which can be done by measuring the amount of radioactive ____ remaining iin things that were once alive such as bones or wood

shelters

people of ancient mexico began to build permanent ___

cultures

over time different groups of people in americas developed their own ____

tenochtitlans

____s construction was because of engineering and human labor

tenochtitlan

largest city in americas; aztec capital; center of trade attracting thousands of people

theocracy

aztec grew into great military empire aztec organized society around religion = ?

1518

thousands of prisoners of war were sacrificed; around ___hernan cortes and spanish soldiers conquered tenochtitlan

montezuma

aztec emperor ____ welcomed cortes and soldiers; emperor was later made cortes's prisoner; hernan cortes took over and conquered aztecs

inca

____ empire largest of early american civilizations

pachacuti and topa inca

____ and ___ ___ built an empire that stretched for more than 3000 miles from colombia to argentina and chile; incan army powerful

inca

quipus was part of ____ civilization

inca

used terraces ___ civilization

1532

in ___ pizarro captured inca ruler, atahualpa and destroyed much of inca army

pizarro

in few years ____ had gained control of most of vast inca empire; europeans took over, conquered

300

by ad __ mayan buil many large cities

maya

skilled astronomers __ civilization

maya

developed hieroglyphics ____ civilization

maya

developed 365 day calendar which increased knowledge of math

900

around ad ___ the maya civilization began to decrease in lowlands

1100

by ad ____ the great cities were ghost towns; no one knows cause of decline

mexico and central america

maya civilization collapsed but descendants of maya still live in parts of ___ and __ ___