Quebec
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain
Jamestown
1607, first permanent English settlement, Virginia, John Smith, tobacco, cash crop, starving time
tobacco
Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
Chief Powhatan
Chief-of-the-Chiefs" who lead 30 Algonquian tribes known as the Powhatans, who helped the English settlement at Jamestown, father to Pocahontas.
Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Bacon's Rebellion
A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with back country farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land
plantation system
A system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment. This system focused on the production of cash crops and utilized slave labor.
House of Burgesses
the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts.
New England Colonies
English colonies that became the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.
Middle Colonies
British colonies including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware.
Southern Colonies
Colonial region marked by wide open lands and economy based on cash crops. (Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, & Georgia)
staple crops
Market Crops (Key crops in the southern colonies include tobacco, cotton, indigo, and rice.)
Religious dissent
those who followed a religious faith other than the official religion of England
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
town meetings
A purely democratic form of government common in the colonies, and the most prevalent form of local government in New England. In general, the town's voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws.
Roger Williams
1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinson
A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island.
Rhode Island
A New England or Northern colony. It was the smallest of the original 13 colonies. Created by Roger Williams and believed in religious tolerance for all people.
Thomas Hooker
A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.
Connecticut
(New England Colony) It was founded in 1635 by Thomas Hooker and his followers for political and religious freedom after a disagreement with Massachusetts Bay.
Half-way Covenant
A Puritan church document; In 1662, this allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger por
Salem Witch Trials
1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress
King Phillip's war
(1675-1676), killed thousands on both sides, and dozens of towns and villages were burned but the colonies managed to win, killing King Phillip and ending Native American resistance in New England
Quakers
A group of religious pacifists who were persecuted in Europe. William Penn established Pennsylvania as a safe haven for Quakers.
Dutch
Europeans from the Netherlands, original settlers of New York.
New Amsterdam
A settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island
New York
(Middle Colony) It was founded by the Dutch for trade and furs and became an English Colony in 1664.
Atlantic slave trade
Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
social mobility
The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth, prestige, education and power.
individualism
A belief that all individuals should be able to succeed to the maximum extent possible given their talents and abilities
First Great Awakening
Religious revival movement during the 1730s and 1740s; its leaders were George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards; religious pluralism was promoted by the idea that all Protestant denominations were legitimate.
mercantilism
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
trans Atlantic trade
shipped many of colonies products and materials to England