Most abundant metal worked in tropics
iron
Africa exported large quantities of_____across the Sahara, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean
copper
Mali and Delhi utilized
Islamic administration
Compare Ghana to Mali, Mali was NOT
smaller
Mansa Kankan Musa made famous pilgrimage that
served to demonstrate wealth of his country
Mansa Kankan Musa's pilgrimage resulted in
construction of new mosques and Quranic schools in Mali
Turkish invaders successfully invaded India due to
division of India into small states
Turkish conquest of N. India aided by
iron stirrups
Sultan Iltutmish passed his empire to Raziya, his
daughter
Delhi sultans controlled empire in India by
terror and high taxes
when Delhi sultanate began to lose control, new Kingdoms emerged called
Bahmani and Vijayanager
Delhi sultanate provided
centralized political authority in India
What did NOT increase Indian Ocean trade between 1200 and 1500?
Lateen sail and compass
Arabian Sea ship
dhow
Largest Chinese ship
junk
Different regional networks of Indian Ocean tied together by
commercial interests
1250, most important Swahili coast trading city
Kilwa
Economic and political power of Great Zimbabwe based on long distance trade in
gold, silver, and salt
Aden's location in Arabia was excellent for
growing grain and a convenient stopover for traders from India
Gujurat did NOT derive wealth from
iron weapons
Trade increased in 14th and 15th centuries. Strait of Malacca became center of political rivalry between
Majapahit and Chinese pirates
Because of trade, Malacca became an important port and
meeting place for traders
Cultural blending during spread of Islam can be seen in
design of mosques blending older traditions w/ new influences
Persian + Hindi =
Urdu
Spread of Islam did NOT encourage
parallel spread of Christianity
Most profitable item from N. Africa to Timbuktu
books
In India, Islamic invasion practically
destroyed last strongholds of Buddhism
Prosperity in Asia and Africa accompanied by
growth of slavery
status of women in tropical India may have improved because
sati became optional
women in tropical regions did NOT
rule many countries
1200-1500 in Europe is known as
later Middle Age
W. Europeans in later Middle Age referred to themselves as
Latins
In Latin W. In later MIddle Age, approximately ___ people were rural
9/10
In return for use of their lord's land, serfs had to
give the lord a share of the harvest and perform services
In later Middle Age, women were considered
inferior to men
3 field system was
agricultural method
average life expectancy in Europe during later Middle Age
30-35
Black Death killed ____ of W. Europeans
1/3
NOT a social result of Black Death
call for diplomacy
Windmills and watermills had
long been common in Islamic world
Rapid growth of industry did NOT cause
extinction of many species of animals
continued growth of trade and manufacturing after 1200 due to
growth of urban areas in the Latin West
What caused Italian E. Meditarranean trade to be strengthened?
Venetian inspired assault on Constantinople
What is NOT true about trading cities in Europe during Middle Ages
unable to produce products to compete w/ Asia
WHat role did Catholic church play in persecution of Jews?
protector
Guild is
association of craft specialists from same trade
What is NOT true about guilds
promoted equality from men and women
WHat services did merchant banks offer in 15th century?
checking accounts, shareholding companies, money changing, loans, and investments
What "architectural wonder" appeared in France in 1140?
gothic cathedrals
WHat is NOT a feature of gothic cathedrals
domes
The clock was
first used as a regular part of urban life in the Latin West
Renaissance began in
N. Italy
lost knowledge" of Greeks and Arabs came to Latin West by
recapture of S. Itlay from Byzantines, and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims
Modern university first established in
Latin West
Scholasticism was
attempt by 13th century theologians to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy and religious faith
WHat does NOT describe the Divine Comedy
written in Latin
Canterbury Tales
written by Geoffrey Chaucer
greatest influence of the humanists was in
reform of secondary education
What fostered artistic growth in the Renaissance?
patronage of wealthy merchants and prelates
What transformed later Medieval military technology?
crossbow and metal-tipped arrows and firearms
what is NOT true about the Magna Carta?
gave peasants new rights
Joan of Arc
led French to victory in 100 Years War
New monarchies raised funds by
taxing new lands, merchants, and voluntary contributions from church
1500, English parliament became
perminant part of English gov.
Spain and Portugal's reconquest of Iberia was at expense of
Moroccan rule
Madagascar settled by
Mayalo-Indonesians and Polynesians
Sailing on Indian Ocean easy because
monsoon winds are predictable
Ming Empire attempted to create new Indian Ocean contacts by
establishing maritime courts to deal with pirates and privateers
What is NOT true about chinese-african contacts?
many cultural misunderstandings led to Sino-African War
ZHeng He's treasure ships carried
silks, metals, and gifts from distant rulers
Ming court suspended Zheng He's voyages because they
didn't see any benefit from exploration
Greatest Atlantic mariners of early Middle Ages:
vikings
Amerindians from S. America colonized
W. Indies
WHat nations maritime revolution profoundly altered course of world history?
Spain and Portugal
Early impetus for Portuguese maritime exploration:
access to Sub-Saharan gold trade
Henry the Navigator:
devoted his life to exploration
Portuguese conquerers found homes in Ceuta, Morocco to make Portuguese homes look like
brothels
Astrolabe and compass origin
Greece, China, and Arabia
Caravels were
fast
important addition to maritime revolution was
learning to speedily return by sailing NW. to ride W. winds
Henry the Navigator derived funds for exploration from
Order of Christ
1st financial return of Portuguese exploration came from
slave trade
Portuguese explorer who reached S. tip of Africa
Bartholomeu Dias
1500, Portuguese mariners discovered____while attempting to find favorable wind around Africa
E. coast of S. America
Christopher Columbus was from
Genoa
Columbus expected to reach
W. Indies
Columbus brought letter to
Great Khan (Chinese Emperor)
Slave trade in W. Africa controlled by
Monopolies held by African kings
1st Portuguese to land in India were greeted w/
derisive laughter
Portuguese focus in E. Indian Ocean
Malacca
Portuguese base in China @
Macao
What is NOT true about African encounters w/ Portuguese before 1550?
Europeans were major presence in most of Africa
Difference between Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire
Spanish= territorial, Portuguese=trading
1st Amerindians to contact Spanish
Arawaks
Conquistador means
conqueror
Spanish capture of Aztec capital assisted by
disease
Francisco Pizarro defeated Inca Empire w/_____ men
180