How did Britains natural resources affect their role in the Industrial Revolution?
1. Rivers allowed construction of canals
2. canals helped trade
3. easy access to the sea for communication and transporting goods
4. plenty of coal to power steam engines
5. Iron available to build machines
what factors boosted demand for goods?
1. population explosion
2. ready workforce
what was needed to start businesses?
Money
Before the Industrial revolution how was Britain able to prosper?
Overseas trade and slave trade
CAPITAL
money used to invest in enterprises
ENTERPRISE
a business organization in an areas such as shipping, mining, railroads or factories
why were businessmen willing to risk their capitol to start new businesses?
because there was a healty economy
What conditions in Britain paved the way for the Industrial Revolution?
1. stable government that supported economic growth
2. didn't have river tolls like other European countries
3. strong navy to protect the empire
ENTREPRENEURS
people who took the financial risk to start up new businesses
What industry did the Industrial Revolution first affect?
textiles (cloth)
PUTTING OUT SYSTEM
the raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes. Also known as cottage industry. Production was slow using this system.
Flying Shuttle
invention used to enable weavers to work faster than spinners
Spinning Jenny
machine that spun many threads at the same time
Water frame
spinning machine powered by water
How did Britains new textile machines affect America?
America needed to produce more cotton to keep up with the demand from Britain
Cotton Gin
a machine that separated the cotton seeds from from raw cotton at a face pace. It increased American cotton production.
ELI WHITNEY
invented the cotton gin
what caused the end of the putting out system?
new faster machines
How did factories start?
The new weaving machines were too big for people to use in their homes so manufacturers built sheds to house the machines. Spinners and weavers came to the machines, these were the first factories.
Why was there a transportation revolution?
Needed faster way of getting goods from place to place
TURNPIKES
private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travellers a few or toll to use them.
affect of turnpikes?
goods travelled faster and soon turnpikes linked all of Britain
Canals
a human-made waterway
affects of canals
1. fast way for factories to get coal and then ship the finished goods
2. canals made money by charging tolls
3. canals made the cost of coal cheaper
why weren't all canals profitable?
Entrepreneurs built too many and some didn't have enought traffic to support them
why did canals lose their importance?
they were replaced by railroads as a the preferred form of transportation
steam locomotive
the most significant development of the transportation revolution, it made the gorwth of railroads possible.
what did steam powered locomotives do?
pull carriages along iron tracks
advantages of railroads over rivers
1. could go places rivers did not run
2. allowed goods to be moved faster and cheaper over land
LIVERPOOL TO MANCHESTER
the worlds first major rail line. Opened in England in 1830
chain reaction of Industrial Revolution
1. machines were invented that made large quanity of good cheaper
2. prices of goods dropped
3. lower prices made more people able to afford goods
More people wanted goods created demand
what 2 factors led to increase of population in cities?
1. more food produced so population increased
2. farmers moved from country to cities for jobs.
where did British entrepreneurs get capitol?
trade, including slave trade from Britains overseas empire
pros and cons of putting out system
pros:
people could work from home
cons:
production was slow
where were the first factories built?
in sheds near streams, they used the water to power the machines.
what did entrepreneurs do to to move their goods cheaper and faster?
invested in turnpikes, built canals, invented the steam locomotive that made railroads possible
why were so many canals built?
because they were profitable. they got money from the tolls and from transporting the goods.
why were railroads important to indsutrialization?
they allowed factory owners and mercvhants to ship goods quickly and cheaply over land.