18. What religion would fit under the category of ethical monotheism traditions during this time period?
Judaism of the Hebrews
19. How was Jewish law established?
Borrowed the concept of lex talionis from Hammurabi's Code
20. Who was the first Jewish prophet?
Abraham
21. What were the Phoenicians known for?
Great sailors, controlling the Mediterranean trade and the 22 letter Alphabet
22. What civilization first invented horse drawn chariots?
Hittites
23. List changes brought on by the Neolithic era...
Reliable food supply, distinction between nomads and settle people became important,
job specialization occurred, the total human population rapidly increased
24. Why were women's roles so important during the Neolithic revolution?
Gathered edible plants and knew where grains grew
25. Be able to describe Gerald Diamond's theory on the world and why some civilizations developed more rapidly than others (why some have so much "cargo" and some have so little?)
-natural selection- recourse you start out with
-surplus of food- specification of labor
-kind of resources
o wheat/barley was already grown in Mesopotamia so they got a head start
o they also had (beasts of burden) already there
� new guinea doesn't so t
Mesopotamia (another name)
fertile crescent
agrarian societies
able to stay in one place
Sumerians
�Cuneiform- first written language
�Wheel
�Chariots
�Irrigation
�Calendar
�60 seconds/minutes
�360� in a circle
�copper tools and weapons
city states
male dominated
polytheistic
traded
Akkadian
�King Sargon of Akkad
oMilitaristic
oUnited all Sumerian city-states
oAll under his rule
�Worlds first true empire
monarchy
polytheistic
o Created worlds first empire and kept control
�They kept control by making a network of roads
Allowed trade
Allowed t
Babylonian empire
King Hammarabi
o Hierarchical social system
-polytheistic
-monogamy
-- men had one wife but could have sex slaves
Hittite Empire
iron
chariots
war
king does everything
wore elf shoes
Assyrian Empire
largest empire
learn iron
enslave the jewish
overextension
Chaldean slaves take over
Hebrews
first monotheistic religion
abraham
10 commandments
torah
10 commandments
1. do not worship any other gods
2. do not make any idols
3. do not misuse the name of God
4. keep the sabbath holy
5. Honor you father and mother
6. do not murder
7. do not commit adultery
8. do not steal
9. do not lie
10. do not covet
abraham
kill son
canan
drought
to egypt
Rhamesis enslaves 300 yrs.
moses leads away
red ea
to Mt. Siania
10 commandments
chosen people
abraham
moses
king david- david and goliath
Chaldean
king Nebachadnessar II
-rebuilt babylon
- great military leader and architect
- captured jerusalem
charles darwin
Introduction to Man
-variation
-offspring
-genetics
-natural selection
ziggurat
rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple
12. Zoroastrianism
- a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century bc.
Paleolithic Age
of, relating to, or denoting the early phase of the Stone Age
What is Pre-history
the history before writing
Order of development of hominids
15-20 years ago
Austrolepithecus
Homo erectus
Homo sapiens
Cro-Magnon
Homo sapien sapiens
Austrolepithecus
-2.5 to 4 million years ago
size and brain of a chimp, nomadic, eats plants, lives in trees and on ground, example is Lucy.
Homo Erectus
-1.5 million years ago
Language skills (most important), use of fire, communication, tools, walking upright
Homo Sapiens
-1.5 million years ago
(Neadnerthal-shorter, more muscular, strong occipital brow, not as smart as cro-mgnon
Cro- Magnon
-40,000 to 25,000 years ago
Cro-Magnon-taller, slimmer, smarter)
Homo sapien sapiens
current humans
Paleolithic
4 million to 8,000 BCE
a rough social equality, hunting/gathering and nomadic
Neolithic
8,000 to 2010
Domestication of plants and animals. Dominate classes based on private ownership of land, merchants and ruling classes
earliest known agricultural technique
slash and burn
first metal
copper
ultimate source of wealth in any agricultural society
land
what type of government ruled Sumeria after 3000 BC
monarchy
What did Sargon of Akkad do?
created the first empire in Mesopotamia
lex taliones
an eye for an eye in Hammarabbi's code of laws
Which of the early mesopotamian empires was the largest?
Assyrians built the largest empire early on.
what two metals produce bronze
copper and tin
which mesopotamian empire was the first to produce iron metallurgy?
the Hittites
Which mesopotamian civilization invented the wheel?
the Sumerians
environmental adaptions of civilizations
Similar adoptions of housing, clothing, beliefs, social status and culture
Characteristics made up slaves in Mesopotamia?
Prisoners of war, convicted criminals, and debtors
17. What were conditions like for women in Mesopotamia?
Started off more equal but gradually grew worse over time