By mid-1800s, why did so many groups of people in Japan feel disconnected?
Tokugawa shoguns seized power in Japan and closed it to foreigners. For over 200 years, Japan was isolated from other nations.
Matthew Perry
commodore who led a fleet of well-armed U.S. ships. Pres. Fillmore demanded that Japan open its ports, 1853
How did Japan react when it was forced to accept unequal treaties?
Japanese felt humiliated by the terms of unequal treates, discontented daimyo and samurai led a revolt.
Meiji Restoration
long reign and turning point in Japan's history. Mutsuhito studied Western ideas to modernize Japan
Tokyo
renamed city of Edo during Meiji Restoration, "eastern capital
Diet
Japanese legislature under Meiji Restoration, modeled after German autocratic system
zaibatsu
powerful banking and industrial families created during the Meiji Restoration
What changes did the reforms of the Meiji Restoration bring in Japan?
Meiji reformers wanted to create new political and social system and build a modern industrial economy.
How did industrialization help start Japan on an imperialist course?
Industrialization helped Japan grow and develop. As industry boomed, Japan modernized with great speed. This led to Japan trying to build an empire.
homogeneous society
common culture and language, Japan modernized with amazing speed partly due to its strong sense of identity.
First Sino-Japanese War, 1894
competition between Japan and China in Korea led to this war. Japan easily won. Gained Taiwan
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
Japan defeated Russia, gained Korea and Manchurian territories
Why was control of Korea desirable to Japan?
Japan was an island without many industrial resources like Korea. Korea was also in the path of the direction and way to China
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia
Britain controlled in 1800s
Burma, Malaya, Singapore
French Indochina
Southeast Asian mainland. Included Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
Mongkut, 1851-1868
King of Siam, who didn't underestimate Western power. He prevented Siam becoming a European colony.
Chulalongkorn
Mongkut's son set Siam on the road to modernization to reform government, modernize army, hired Western experts to teach Thais how to use new technology
Abolished slavery, gave women some choice in marriage, bargained to remove unequal treaties
prevention of European rule in Siam
Mongkut accepted unequal treaties in return for continued power, modernized the army, reformed the government, embraced Western technology, abolished slavery, and gave women more say in marriage.
Spanish-American War, 1898
War over Cuba's attempts to win independence from Spain. Inspired the Filipinos to declare independence from Spain. They achieved this but then fell under American rule.
Filipino Rebels
In return for US's help against Spain, they expected independence. Instead in the treaty that ended the war, US gave Spain $20 million in exchange for the Philippines, so they renew their fight for independence, but US crushed rebellion
Liliuokalani
Last Queen of Hawaii who was overthrown by American planters in 1893
Constitutional Act of 1791
To ease ethnic tensions, British passed this that created two provinces--Upper Canada and Lower Canada
Canada's Problem
The lower classes resented the power held by a small group of elites who controlled the government.
Louis Joseph Papineau
Head of the French Canadian Reform Party, who led the rebellion in Lower Canada (Quebec).
William Lyon Mackenzie
Led the rebellion in Upper Canada (Ontario).
confederation
unification
dominion
self-governing nation. granted to Canada 1867
indigenous
original
M�tis
people of mixed Native American and French descent. Many were French-speaking Catholics who believed that the gov't was trying to take their land and destroy their language & religion
penal colony
A place where convicts are sent to be punished. How Australia started
Aborigines/Kooris
The indigenous people of Australia. They failed to keep settlers from their land because of their diversity. They were spread over the continent and had around 250 languages.
the "Outback
rugged Australian interior
Maori
The indigenous people of New Zealand who fought fiercely against the Europeans. Eventually restistance crumbled and the Europeans control New Zealand.
regionalism
loyalty to a local area weakened new nations
caudillos
local strongmen assembled private armies to resist the central government
Benito Juarez
Liberal reformer of Zapotec Indian heritage, opened an era of reform known as La Reforma
Offered hope to oppressed people of Mexico, revised Mexican constitution to strip the military of power and end the special privileges of the Church, ordered Church t
La Reforma
Era of liberal reform in Mexico from 1855 to 1876
Benito Juarez opened this era of reform, conservatives resisted this and began a civil war
peonage
system by which workers owe labor to pay their debts
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
ambitious and cunning caudillo gained and lost power many times, posed as a liberal reformer and reversed his stand and crushed efforts at reform
General Porfirio Diaz
Hero of war against the French staged a military coup and gained power, ruled as a dictator
In the name of "Order and Progress", he strengthened army, local police, and central government
Crushed opposition with harsh rule, Mexico made tangible economic a
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty that ended the war between Mexico and US,
Mexico lost almost half its territory, embarrassing defeat triggered new violence between conservatives and liberals
Latin American Conservatives
ruling elite that defended the traditional social order, favored press censorship, and strongly supported the Catholic Church
Latin American Liberals
saw themselves as enlightened supporters of progress but often showed little concern for the needs of the majority of the people
Monroe Doctrine, 1823
American policy of discouraging European intervention in the Western Hemisphere
Platt Amendment, 1901
US forced Cubans to add this amendment to their constitution, gave US naval bases in Cuba and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs
Roosevelt Corollary, 1904
policy where the US "policed" the Western Hemisphere to protect our economic interests
Dollar Diplomacy
policy of Pres. Taft to have American companies continue to invest in countries of Latin America
Panama Canal
opened 1914, cut the distance of a sea journey, engineering marvel that boosted trade and shipping worldwide
To people in Latin America, this was an example of "Yankee Imperialism
Panamanians, 1903
quickly won independence from Columbia with US support and gave the US control of the land to build the canal