APUSH Ch 37 Terms

Benjamin Spock

Physician who provided advice on child rearing to baby-boomers' parents after WW II

Hermann Goering

Top Nazi official who committed suicide after being convicted in war-crimes trials

Joseph Stalin

Tough leader whose violation of agreements in Eastern Europe and Germany helped launch the Cold War

Berlin

Territory deep inside the Soviet zone of Germany that was itself divided into four zones of occupation

Iran

Oil-rich Middle Eastern nation that became an early focal point of Soviet-American conflict

George F. Kennan

Brilliant U.S. specialist on the Soviet Union and originator of the theory that U.S. policy should be to "contain" the Soviet Union

Greece

Southern European nation whose threatened fall to communism in 1947 precipitated the Truman Doctrine

George C. Marshall

Originator of a massive program for the economic relief and recovery of devastated Europe

Japan

Nation that was effectively converted from dictatorship to democracy by the strong leadership of General Douglas MacArthur

Nuremberg

Site of a series of controversial war-crimes trials that led to the execution of twelve Nazi leaders

Richard Nixon

Young California congressman whose investigation of Alger Hiss spurred fears of communist influence in America

Joseph McCarthy

Wisconsin senator whose charges of communist infiltration of the U.S. government deepened the anti-red atmosphere of the early 1950s

Henry A. Wallace

Former vice president of the U.S. whose 1948 campaign as a pro-Soviet liberal split the Democratic party

Srom Thrumond

Southern segregationist who led "Dixiecrat" presidential campaign against Truman in 1948

Douglas MacArthur

American military commander in Korea fired by President Harry Truman

G. I. Bill

Popular name for the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, which provided assistance to former soldiers

Sunbelt

Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the U.S. that experienced the highest rates of growth after WWII

Levittown

New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction

Baby Boom

Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after WWII

Yalta Conference

Big Three wartime conference that later became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had "sold out" Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists

Cold War

The extended post-WWII confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that stopped just short of a shooting war

United Nations Conference (or maybe Bretton Woods NH conference)

Meeting of Western Allies during WWII that established the economic structures to promote recovery and enhance FDR's vision of an "open world

Iron Curtain

Term for the barrier that Stalin erected to block off Soviet-dominated nations of Eastern Europe from the West

Marshall Plan

American sponsored effort that provided funds for the economic relief and recovery of Western Europe

NATO

The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances

Chinese Nationalists

Jiang Jieshi's (Chiang Kai-shek's) pro-American forces, which lost the Chinese civil war to Mao Zeong's (Mao Tse-tung's) communists in 1949

Truman Doctrine

Key U.S. government memorandum that militarized American foreign policy and indicated national faith in the economy's capacity to sustain large military expenditures

Committee on un-American Activities

U.S. House of Rep. committee that took the lead in investigating alleged pro-communist agents such as Alger Hiss

38th Parallel

The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War

United Nations

New international organization that experienced some early successes in diplomatic and cultural areas but failed in area like atomic arm control