Peninsula
What is land surrounded by water called?
epic
What is a long poem, such as the Iliad called?
acropolis
What is a high, rocky hill on or near which early people built cities?
aristocrat
What is a member of a rich and powerful family called?
democracy
What is a government run by citizens called?
They were separated by geographic barriers.
Why were theres so many city-states in ancient Greece?
aristocrats
Who controlled most of the good land in ancient Greece?
One in five were citizens
What portion of the population of Athens were citizens?
the Trojan Horse
According to the Iliad, what proved to be decisive in the Greek victory in the Trojan War?
There was little good farmland in Greece
Why did many Greeks become traders and sailors?
Socrates
Who was the famous philosopher from Athens?
Pericles
Who was a leader of Athens who encouraged democracy?
tribute
What is a payment made to a city by an empire called?
Parthenon
What was the temple built to honor Athens called?
immortal
What is the word that describes able to live forever?
tragedies
What word described serious greek plays?
the meaning of courage and justice
What was Socrates concerned about?
trade and silver
What was Athens main source of wealth?
to pay a salary to city officials
What important change did Pericles introduce in Athens?
ideal or perfect figures
What did the Ancient Greek sculptures portray people and animals as?
agora
What is a public market in Athens called?
men
Who discussed politics in the agora?
at home
Where were the women in Athens most of the time?
100,000 or 1/3 of the population
What portion of the population were slaves?
mild
Describe the climate of Athens?
they typically had a courtyard
How were the homes in Athens built?
ran the home and family
What did the women do in Athens?
farming, mining and construction
What kind of work did slaves do?
sheep's wool, pottery, hardware, cloth, and books
What types of things were sold in the agora?
plague
What did 1/3 of the people of Athens die of during the war with Sparta?
blockade
What did Sparta us to prevent food from reaching Athens?
Persia
What army attacked Athens in the 400's BC?
helot
What was a slave in Sparta called?
Marathon
What was the plain called where a battlefield was 25 miles north of Athens?
Spartan boys began training in barracks at the age of 7
Why was Sparta's military so strong?
Other city-states opposed Athens and looked to Sparta for protection
Which factor in Sparta's defeat of AThens was the most important?
strength
What did Spartan culture value most?
Alexander the Great
Who conquered almost all of the known world?
Euclid
Who developed geometry?
assassinated
What word describes a murder for political reasons?
Archimedes
Who discovered how to use pulleys and levers?
barbarian
What is the greek word for an uncivilized person?
He seized the government of his opponents
How did Alexander the Great come to power?
Their culture was not dominated by Greek culture.
What happened to the culture of the societies Alexander the Great dominated?
Three Hellenistic Kingdoms
What happened to Alexander the Greats empire after he died?
The Greek scientist Eratosthenes
Who calculated the distance around the earth?
Its lighthouse and its libraries
What did Alexandria become famous for in 300BC?
Gods
What did the Greeks believe in?
Like the sea had smashed it into small pieces
What does the land of Greece look like?
Mountains
What is the major landform of Greece?
Because they believed they were Separate Countries
Why did the parts of Greece act differently?
Menelaus's wife, Helen
Whom did Paris Kidnap during the Trojan War?
Ten years
How long did the Trojan War last?
Trojan Horse
What was the trick the Greeks used to win the Trojan War?
Iliad and the Odyssey
What two epic poems describe the Trojan War?
Homer
Who is know to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey?
What the Gods were like
What did the Iliad and the Odyssey teach?
Greek's Dark Ages
What was the time when Greece experienced extreme poverty and could not trade for food?
Word of mouth
What did people do during the Dark Ages to keep traditions alive during the dark ages because there was no writing?
Acropolis
What was the name of the place where people lived protected by high mountains?
High city
What does Acropolis mean?
city states
What did the cities of Greece start to become because they began to run themselves?
chieftains or kings
What were the earliest rulers of city states called?
Middle class merchants and artisans
What started to develop as the city-states became richer?
military power shifted from aristocrats to merchants and artisans
What happened as the merchants and artisans gained weapons and wealth?
tyrants
What is a person who seizes power by force called?
middle and working class
Who supported the tyrants?
athens
What was one of the most famous democracy?
Solon
What leader of Athens won the power to reform the law?
fair
What was Solon most well-known for?
canceled all debts and freed all citizens
What did Solon do for the people of Athens?
slaves, women, and foreigners
Who did not benefit from Solon's democracy?
Sparta
What ended Athens Golden Age?
Athens Grew rich
What Happened during the Golden AGe?
tributes
What was another name for payments in Athens?
art philosophy and literature
What major advancements did Athens make?
Making athens a beautiful city
What is Pericles know for doing to Athens?
Parthenon
What is temple of Athena called?
Twelve Olympians
What is the name of the family of Gods and Goddesses the Greek's worship?
Gods were perfect in form and had awesome powers.
What was the biggest difference between humans and the Gods and Goddesses?
Zeus
Who was the leader of the Gods?
In the Iliad
Where is the story of Achilles told?
philosophers
Who believed that people could use the power of the mind and reason to understand natural events?
Thales
Who believed that water was the basic material of the world?
Democritus
Who believed that everything was made of tiny particles he called atoms?
Socrates
Who frightened many Athenians with his questions?
put to death
What happened to Socrates because he did not believe in the Gods and Goddesses
write dramas
What did the Athenians write first?
tragedy
What Greek story or play often ends in death or with a major disaster?
They Made fun of well-known citizens
What did the comedic writers write about?
Acropolis
What was the center of Athen's religion?
Agora
What was the center of Athen's public life?
plain
How would you describe homes in Athens?
simple food
How was the food in Greece?
because they were captured by armies
Why did some free people become slaves?
running the home and the family
WHat was the job of Athenian women?
they did great work but were supposed to be invisible
How did women contribute, but at what cost?
free and open
How would you describe the life in Athens?
harsh and cruel
How would you describe the life in Sparta?
cities needs above your own
What was the basic rule in the city states of sparta?
helots
What did they called the slaves in Sparta?
They were treated harshly
Even though the helots outnumbered the Spartans, why didn't they revolt?
Bear pain, hardship and punishment in silence
What was expected of young boys in Sparta?
Expected to wrestle and grow up strong
What was expected of girls?
lacked beauty and pleasure
What did Spartan life lack?
Athens won
Who won the battle at the Marathon?
Because they used the money to build the parthenon
Why did the city states of Athens rebel during the time of war?
Vowed to protect them
Why did Athens allies join with Sparta?
invade persia
What was Alexander the Greats first action?
assassinated his rival
How did Alexander the Great come to power?
named them after himself
How were cities that Alexander renamed?
They were modeled after Greek cities
How were Hellenistic cities named?
Alexandria in Egypt
What was the greatest city of the Hellenistics?
center of business and trade
What did the capital of Egypt, Alexander become the center of?
learning capital of the Greek world
What did Alexandria become?