imperialism
one countries domination of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country/region
social Darwinism
charles darwin's ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest, applied to human societies
colony
a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
protectorate
a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
sphere of influence
an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
economic imperialism
an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
caliphate
Muslim kingdom ruled by a sultan or caliph
partition
to divide e.x. Africa
apartheid
government run by whites, racial segregation
elite
upper class
Berlin Conference
international conference of European powers to divide Africa into colonies
inflation
general increase in prices and a fall in of purchasing value of money
Wahhabi and Mahdi
The Wahhabi movement in Arabia in the 1700's rejected Ottoman laws and codes, wanted to follow the original teachings of Muhammad in the Koran, and led an unsuccessful revolt against the Ottoman empire. The Mandi in Sudan in the mid 1800's announced that
geopolitics
strategic taking of land for its location and resources
Crimean War
A war amongst the Ottomans, British, and French VS the Russians and Slavs. (1853-1856) It was a confliction in which the Ottoman Empire halted Russian expansion near the Black Sea. Britain and France entered the war to stop Russian expansion. Russia helpe
genocide
a deliberate attempt to destroy an entire religious or ethnic group
khedive
governor of British Egypt
Suez Canal
a man made waterway connecting the Red and Mediterranean seas that made it much faster and easier for ships to travel from Europe to Asia
David Livingstone
Explorer and missionary who explored the interior of Africa; made genuine attempts to understand African culture, and was less biased toward Africans than many of his peers
Boer
Dutch colonists (name means "farmers" in Dutch) in South Africa during the 1800s; fought with both the British and the Zulus
Zulu
Native people of eastern South Africa who clashed with both the Boers and the British, who were pushing into their lands
Menelik II
King of Ethiopia who was able to avoid colonization by modernizing and westernizing his country before Europeans were able to get there.
Shaka Zulu
Leader of the Zulus whose nickname was "Napoleon of Africa;" he used highly disciplined warriors and strong military organization to create a large state in southern Africa.
Suleyman I
most powerful Ottoman sultan whose death in 1566 began the 300 year decline of the Ottoman Empire
Florence Nightingale
British nurse in the Crimean War; one of the first army nurses in the world
Muhammad Ali
Khedive of Egypt who passed many reforms to modernize Egypt, most important was transition to cotton (cash crop)
Ismail (Muhammad Ali's grandson)
Khedive of Egypt who oversaw the construction of the Suez Canal, but had to sell the shares to Britain, leading to the British takeover of Egypt
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino nationalists (and first president of the Philippine Republic) who fought against the Spanish and then the U.S. for his country's sovereignty.
Kamehameha
Hawaiian king who united the islands of Hawaii into the Kingdom of Hawaii in the late 1700s
Queen Liliuokalani
Last queen of Hawaii who was forced to surrender her kingdom to the United States