A place where monks live to study and serve God
monastery
religious officials
clergy
system of government based on the exchange of land for protection and services
feudalism
a code of behavior knights were expected to follow
chivalry
the organized effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain
Reconquista
The Church court used in Spain to persecute Jews and Muslims
Inquisition
The English king who led the Third Crusade
Richard the Lionhearted
Carolingian leader who reunited Western Europe and was crowned emperor by pope
Charlemagne
Inspired by visions she claimed were from God, she saved France from the English
Joan of Arc
Monk who wrote rules that governed monastic life
Benedict
Founder of the Franciscan order of friars
St. Francis of Assisi
A scholar and philosopher who argued religious truths could be reached by logic
Thomas Aquinas
the most famous and respected Muslim leader of his age; fought in Third Crusade
Saladin
Explosion of creativity, art, thought
Renaissance
To set aside, cancel, or end
annul
intellectual movement focused on human achievements
Humanism
a financial supporter of artists
patron
meaning worldly, an opposite of this word is religious
secular
a movement for religious reform that challenged the Pope's authority
Reformation
a pardon releasing a person from penalty of a sin
indulgence
rule by religious leaders
theocracy
The idea that God chooses who will be saved
predestination
a way to show three dimensions on a flat surface
perspective
Inventor of the printing press
Johann Gutenberg
One of Henry VIII's daughters, ruled England from 1558 to 1603
Elizabeth I
Declared himself head of the English Church
Henry VIII
I wrote the 95 Theses, launching the Reformation
Martin Luther
My work was performed at London's Globe Theater
William Shakespeare
Famous for painting Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Famous for painting Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
Signed by Spain and Portugal dividing up the Americas
Treaty of Tordesillas
Chinese explorer who made 7 voyages of the Indian Ocean
Zheng He
Warrior-chieftains in Japan who became lords
Daimyo
Spanish conquerors
conquistadors
lands controlled by another nation
colonies
mixed Spanish and Native American
mestizos
middle leg of the transatlantic trade
middle passage
global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
Columbian Exchange
investors would buy shares of stock in a company
joint-stock company
Theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth
mercantilism
Group of people who founded a second English colony at Plymouth
Pilgrims
A group of people who sought religious freedom from England's Anglican church
Puritans