Mesopotamia
Where civilization began; (land between two rivers) - included:
Sumerians
Babylonians
Phoenicians
Assyrians
Persians
Sumerians
Invented the wheel, cunieform, built ziggurats
Babylonians
First major collection of laws
Phoenicians
Developed the alphabet
Assyrians
Harsh and cruel rulers; built large library
Persians
Largest empire to date
Ancient Egypt
Believed Pharaoh was a god-king
Believed in life after death
Developed hieroglyphics to keep written records
Ancient India
Subcontinent
Hinduism
Buddhism
Caste System
believe it ensures spiritual purity
Ancient China
Confucius
Dynasties
Ancient Greece
Many individual city-states
Polis
Copied by the Romans
Ancient Rome
Strong system of law kept empire united
Provided stable government
Copied the Greeks - Arts, Architecture, Gods
Confucianism
�Emphasis on how to live in harmony with others
�5 Relationships
�Most important: Respect for elders (parents and ancestors)
�Analects
Hinduism
�Followed mainly in India
�Worship many different gods and goddesses
�Believe strict caste systemhelps people to be spiritually pure
�Vedas
Buddhism
Founded by Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha)
�Wanted to answer the question, "Why do people suffer?"
�Discovered 4 Noble Truths
�Told people to follow the 8-Fold Path
�Reach Nirvana
�Tripitaka
Judaism
�Monotheistic
�Abraham
�Torah
�The Old Testament of The Bible
�The Ten Commandments
Christianity
Monotheistic
�Jesus
�Bring salvation
�The Old & New Testament of the Bible
�The Ten Commandments
Islam
�Monotheistic
�Muhammad
�Quran
�The Five Pillars of Islam
Polytheism
Believe in more than one god
Monotheism
Belief in one god; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
the Americas
First people migrated across a land bridge
�Present day Bering Strait
8 Features of Civilization
�Cities
�Well-organized Central Government
�Complex Religions
�Job Specialization
�Social Classes
�Art and Architecture
�Public Works
�Writing