bennet barrow
-cotton planter in louisiana
-owned 2000 slaves
fanny kemble
-english actress who married georgia planter, has a diary.
who was nat turner and why did he lead a rebellion?
-a slave in southhampton, Virginia, a religious leader and minister.
-he was seen as a prophet, since he had visions. the vision of the serpent is the one that made him wait for a sign of the solar eclipse to begin slaying his enemy.
-his goal was to dism
how many rebels were there in nat turners rebellio?
began with 6 of turners loyal friends, then about 60 joined in later
whom and how did nat turner attack? how was it stopped? what happened to nat turner?
-any white person they came across who was related to slavery.
-they moved from plantation to plantation.
-white militia stopped them.
-he hid in the woods for 2 months but was found and hung.
who was john brown?
a slavery abolitionist who led 21 men on the raid on harper's ferry to equip slaves with artillery, they were quickly captured and put down, he was hung.
for texas, arkansas, and florida, what did westward migration mean?
eventual statehood
cotton in the south was _______
three quarters of worlds cotton and 60% of US exports
how many slaves in the US south were there
4 million
the South characteristics
-agriculture economy.
-fewer cities/factories means less immigration.
the north characteristics
-mixed economy.
-37% urban.
-spent more on industry, transportation, education.
states with higher black population
-mississippi
-south carolina
in 1860, __ out of every __ southerners was black
1;3
__ out of every __ northerners was black
1;76
only ____ of white population were slaveholders
1/4
slaveholders owned _______ slaves while planters owned ______
fewer than 5; more than 20
aspects of african culture that influenced southern culture
language, food, music, religion
southern defense of slavery
-slavery always existed.
-american liberty founded on defending property rights.
-bible sanctions.
-slavery a check on miscegenation.
-slaves better off.
-natural consequence of black inferiority.
factors of white southerners tightening control of slaves
-black population, revolts, and northern abolitionists.
slave code laws
-slaves owed all whites absolute obediance.
-any white could correct slaves who did not stay in their place.
chivalry
-idea of the southern lady.
-pure, obedient, weak, needing male protection.
-duty to manage house.
child slave roles
carry water, protect crops from birds, sweep, babysit.
elderly slave roles
child care, sewing, livestock
slave roles other than agriculture
domestics, bakers, barbers, fishing, lumbering, railroad and riverboat workers
skilled artisans and house servants slave ratios
1/20; 1/10
were slave marriages legally recognized?
no
by 1860, ____ of southern black population was free
6%
in 1860, free blacks could
legally marry, pass down freedom, own property
legislative laws to crack down on equality
-special taxes.
-required to carry papers.
-no interstate travel, no schools, no politics, no jury service, no testifying
what 3 classes of women does sarah grimke identify with and what does she say about them?
-she talks about the class she was born into which was the fashionable class where they are taught that marriage is the only thing they need, the class that is trained to think marriage is a prefferment, and the class that women are like slaves.
who was sarah grimke
woman from slaveholding family in south carolina, she moved to philadelphia and became a quaker.
-leader in abolition and womens equality and rights.
seneca falls declaration
-womens rights declaration from the first womens rights convention, which was modeled after the declaration of independence.
northwest ordinance in 1787
officially banned slavery in northwest territories
slavery in westward expansion
-west of free state is a free state.
-west of slave state is slave state.
-missouri was a problem, west of free state but had slaves
the missouri compromise
slave state and maine admitted as free state.
-southern boundary of missouri was a permanent dividing line for future states. this is not the mason dixon line
pres james k polk
-manifest destiny,
-annexation and war
conflict after mexican american war
question of annexing slaveholding texas
what was the cause for all former mexican lands to be free?
growing movement for free soil and labor
abraham lincoln on free labor
-basically everyone does things for themselves
frederick douglas
a former slave who believed that the constitution was an antislavery document, after he initially thought it was pro-slavery
jefferson davis
planter and senator fro mississippi and pres of the confederacy
in par 2, how does davis refer to the southern states
as the navigating and planting states
what is the great principle davis speaks of behind the constitutuion?
was the equality of rights between soveriegns; and it is that equality of right under the constitution on which we now insist.
on what ground does davis clai protection for slavery by the constitustion?
bc it is their right and because it is the duty of the general government, and lastly bc they have entered into a compact together which deprives each state of power for defense.
douglass on persons and property
when it is proposed to transform persons into property and men into beasts of burden, i demand that the law that contemplates such a purpose shall be expressed with irrisistable clearness
the compromise of 1850
-california admitted as free state.
-nm and utah defined as teritories, popular soverieignty decide status internally.
-tx relinquish claim to nm.
-DC slave trade ended
-fugitive slave act passed
Lincoln refused to sign this bill____
Wade-Davis bill
President Johnson's reconstruction
-Reconciliation=Lincoln
-Senator from North Carolina: only southern senator to side with the union
-slave owner but not planter
-Plan: rapid restoration
Union advantages
Greater population, more wealth
South expectations
Northern dependence on cotton and worldwide need for southern cotton
defense of property, home, liberty, and family
Confederate advantage
Reality of war and victory: North= defeat and occupy
Northern "Anaconda" plan
union naval blockade to block cotton exports + cut the confederacy in two by targeting Virginia and the Mississippi valley
South's main problem
supplying its army and generating money
Battle of Bull Run
-Union attack and retreat
-reaffirmation for the south superiority in combat
-North learned that victory would not be quick or easy
whigs
northeast power base; support for federal action to promote commercial development
democrats
south and western power base; support for limited government
know nothing party
nativist organized backlash against immigration waves
Problems in the South
- Government powers and states rights
-Hardship: poor, flour price increase, 1/3 army went home
-Class conflict: "twenty-negro law
Battle of Gettysburg
-Turning point of the war
-comfederecy couldn't replace the 60,000 soldiers that were wounded or died
-Lee never launched another major offensive north of the Mason-Dixon line
Ulysses S. Grant
general in Chief- sep 1863
victory in Chattanooga
War strategy= annihilation
Surrender of Lee
April 9 1865, Appomattox Court House Virginia
what did they do with the freed slaves during reconstruction?
-slaveholders must sign contracts with ex slaves
-coastal land south of charleston was set aside for freed men.
-freedmans bureau
Emancipation Proclamation
- Lincoln refers to civil war as rebellion
- the us govt and military will welcome freed slaves into open positions
- Lincoln advises freed slaves to reframe from violence unless self defense and to earn a honest wage
civil rights act
-nullified black codes
-ended discrimination
15th amendment
-right to vote for freed men
presidential election of 76 winner
rutherford hayes, republican, created threats of new civil war
freedman prefferred to
rent land and farm
johnson's reconstruction
-restoring civil gov in south
-pardoning ex rebels
-states must renounce right of secession, pay war debt, and ratify 13th amendment
-return land to ex confederates
Lincolns assassination
April 14, 1965 by John Wilkes Booth
Vice Pres Andrew Johnson assumed presidency
what did they do with the south during reconstruction>
-full pardon
-oath of allegiance
-no provisions for freed slaves
-proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
lydia maria child sought permission __________
visit and give medical care to John Brown when he was injured after the harper ferry revolt
how does the gov respond to child's letter?
govenor wise says she has a right, but he does not share her sympathy, and it is because of her sympathy that this happened.
new republican party
antislavery organized backlash against kansas nebraska act
Battle of Fredericksburg
122,000 union troops face 78,500 confederate troops dug in
- One of unions worst defeats
Union dominance in the west and Atlantic
Dissuaded Britain and France from supporting South + slavery issues + British war material trade to north
Second Confiscation Act
freed all slaves of rebel masters
what was lincoln's view on the kansas nebraska act?
he says it is wrong to let slavery into the states and wrong in allowing it to spread.
what was the problem with senator douglas wanting transcontinental railroad fro chicago to west coast? what was the plan?
land promised in treaty and previous resettlement of native americans;
plan was to name land with indigenous name, allow white settlement and force indians out then build a railroad. #murica
southern view of fugitive slave act
issue of property rights
kansas nebraska act
-divided indian territory into kansas and nebraska.
-repealed missouri compromise
-popular sovereignty to determine slave state or not
responses to fugitive slave act
-courtrooms attacked and slaves taken to underground railroad.
-more abolition activity and black leaders emerge
margaret garner
slave who tried to escape slavery, killed her own children to keep them from going back to slavery.
northern view of fugitive slave act
legalized kidnapping "personal liberty laws
fugitive slave act of 1793
-allowed slave owner to seize an escaped slave and return him.
-penalty for obstructing owner to retake slave.
Lincoln's Goal and Approach toward the south
Goal: bind up nation's wounds and achieve lasting peace.
Approach: leniency
-full pardon, restored property
-10% of south took oath of allegiance
-no provisions for freed slaves