Science

satellite

a natural or artificial body that revolves around a celestial body that is greater in mass

moon

a celestial body that revolves around a body that is greater in mass; a natural satellite

mare

a large, dark are of basalt on the moon (plural, maria)

crater

a bowl-shaped depression that forms on the surface of an object when a falling body strikes the object's surface or when an explosion occurs

apogee

in the orbit of a satellite, the point that is farthest from Earth

perigee

in the orbit of a satellite, the point that is closest to Earth

eclipse

an event in which the shadow of one celestial body falls on another

solar eclipse

the passing of the moon between Earth and the sun; during a solar eclipse, the shadow of the moon falls on Earth

lunar eclipse

the passing of the moon through Earth's shadow at full moon

phase

the change in the illuminated area of one celestial body as seen from another celestial body; phases are caused by the changing positions of Earth, sun, and moon.

tide

the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water

tidal range

the difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide

tidal oscillation

the slow, rocking motion of ocean water that occurs as the tidal bulges move around the ocean basins

tidal current

the movement of water toward and away from the coast as a result of the rise and fall of the tides

rotation

the spin of a body on its axis

revolution

the motion of a body that travels around another body in space; one complete trip along an orbit

perihelion

in the orbit of a planet or other body in the solar system, the point that is closest to the sun

aphelion

in the orbit of a planet or other body in the solar system, the point that is farthest from the sun

equinox

the moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator

solstice

the point at which the sun if as far north or south of the equator as possible