tides
a type of wave
wave
energy moving through a medium
describe a tide
1. Periodic rising and falling of the ocean surface
2. Occurs over a given time interval
3. Observable around edges of land (ocean shoreline)
4. Predictable
variable (capable of change)
Tides can be highly ___.
tidal amplitude
difference in water height between high and low tide levels
Jamaica, Mediterranean
Example of extreme low tide; less than 3 feet
Bay of Fundy
Example of extreme high tide; 50 feet
Coastal California
10-15 ft. max.
2 cause of tides
1. Gravitational force
2. Centrifugal force
moon/sun
The gravitational force of the ___ and ___ cause tides.
moon
The force of the ___ has the greatest pull on tides.
solar year
365 and a forth days; the time it takes the earth to complete one orbit around the sun
solar day
24 hours; the time it takes the sun to reappear in the same position in the sky
tilted
The earth is ___ at a 23.5 degree angle.
lunar day
24 hours, 50 minutes; the time it takes the moon to reappear to an observer on Earth
tidal bulge
forms on the side of Earth that is closest to the moon
centrifugal force of Earth/Moon system
Because the earth and moon revolve around each other, water on Earth is drawn outward (away from Earth).
Why are there two tidal bulges?
One bulge is due to the gravitational pull of the moon, the other is due to centrifugal force
equal/opposite
The two tidal bulges are ___ height, on ___ sides of Earth.
additive
Gravitational forces are ___.
waxing
To increase gradually in size. The illuminated part of the moon is getting bigger.
waning
To decrease gradually in size. The illuminated part of the moon is getting smaller.
location
Moon's ___ affects tide height, due to the gravitational pull of the moon.
spring tide
A tide with the greatest difference between high and low tide that occurs when the sun and the moon are aligned with Earth at the new moon and the full moon.
neap tide
A tide with the least difference between low and high tide that occurs when the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other at the first and third quarters of the moon.
westward
Tides move ___ as Earth rotates
stationary
Water level changes at a ___ point
eastward
Rotation of Earth ( ___ ) beneath tidal bulges
new/full
Spring tide occurs when the moon is at ___ and ___ .
first/third quarter
Neap tide occurs when the moon is at ___ and ___.
90 degree
The earth, sun, and moon are a ___ angle at neap tide.
180 degree (aligned)
The earth, sun, and moon are a ___ angle at spring tide.
syzygy
Alignment of Earth-Moon-Sun system in a straight line.
Quadrature
Earth-Moon-Sun system at right angles