What is erosion?
Erosion is the process by which sediment and other materials are moved from one place to another
What is sediment?
Sediment is tiny grains of broken down rock.
When does deposition occur?
Deposition occurs when gravity's downward pull on sediment is greater than the push of flowing water or wind.
Where does a stream deposit its materials?
A stream deposits its materials along its bed, banks, and mouth, which can form different landforms.
What are the three main factors that can control what sediment a stream can carry?
A streams gradient, discharge, and load.
What is gradient?
The measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance.
What is a streams load?
Materials carried by a stream are called a streams load.
What is a streams discharge?
The amount of water that a stream carries in a given amount of time.
When does the discharge of a stream increase?
When a major storm occurs , or when warm weather rapidly melts snow.
What else increases as a streams discharge increases?
A streams erosive energy, speed, and load.
What is a channel?
A path that a stream follows
How can a stream form canyons and valleys by erosion?
As the streams water moves, it erodes rock and sediment from the streambed. The flowing water can cut through rock, forming steep canyons and valleys.
How can a stream form floodplains by deposition?
When a stream floods, a layer of sediment is deposited over the flooded land. Many layers of deposited sediment can form flat areas called floodplains.
How can a stream form Deltas and alluvial plains by deposition?
When a stream empties into a body of water, such as a lake or ocean its current slows and deposits its load.
What is an alluvial fan?
An alluvial fan is a fan shaped deposit that forms on dry land.
What is groundwater?
Groundwater is the water located within the rocks below earths surface.
What are stalactites and stalagmites?
Water that drips from cracks in a caves ceiling leave behind icicle shaped deposits which are stalactites and stalagmites.
What happens when the groundwater level is lower than the level of a cave?
The cave roof may no longer be supported by the water underneath. If the roof of the cave collapses, it may leave a circular depression called a sinkhole.
What is a shoreline?
The place where land and a body of water meet.
What can strong waves do and gentle waves do?
Strong waves may erode material and gentle waves may deposit materials.
What are headlands?
Headlands are finger shaped projections.
how do headlands form?
They form when cliffs of hard rock erode more slowly than the surrounding softer rock does.
How do sea cliffs and wave-cut platforms form?
erosion
How do sea caves, sea arches, and sea stacks form?
erosion
What is deposition?
Deposition is the process by which eroded material is dropped
What is a beach?
An area of shoreline that is made up of material deposited by waves and currents.
What is a sandbar?
An underwater or exposed ridge of sand, gravel, or shell material.
What is a barrier island?
A long narrow island usually made of sand.
How does a sandbar and barrier island form?
When waves erode material from the shoreline, longshore currents can transport and deposit this material offshore. DEPOSITION
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