The C-value paradox is the disconnect between genome size:
a) and protein ratio.
b) and organismal complexity.
c) and gene ratio.
d) within the same species.
e) and gene size.

b) and organismal complexity.

DNA transposable elements are a class of transposable elements that uses:
a) RNA as an intermediate.
b) tandem repeats as an intermediate.
c) protein as an intermediate.
d) ribosomes as an intermediate.
e) DNA as an intermediate.

e) DNA as an intermediate.

Except for twins and other multiple births, the genome sequence is different in every individual. T/F?

TRUE

Imagine that a researcher is comparing the sequence of several protein-coding genes among mice, rabbits, and humans. She finds that, for most of these genes, the rabbit sequences are more similar to the human sequences than are the mouse sequences. What c

c) More sequences are conserved between rabbits and humans than between humans and mice.

In eukaryotes, genome size is a good predictor of gene number and organismal complexity. T/F?

FALSE

Which one of the following characteristics is true of ALL viruses? (Select all that apply.)
a) They have a protein coat called a capsid.
b) They contain a DNA genome.
c) They are surrounded by a lipid envelope.
d) They must infect a host cell to reproduce

a) They have a protein coat called a capsid.
d) They must infect a host cell to reproduce.

Which of the following statements is true regarding sequence motifs?
a) Sequence motifs are found in DNA but not in RNA.
b) Sequence motifs in DNA are found only upstream of protein-coding regions.
c) An open reading frame is a type of sequence motif.
d)

c) An open reading frame is a type of sequence motif.

Transposable elements are:
a) proteins that can move outside of the nucleus.
b) proteins that can move into the nucleus.
c) DNA sequences that can insert themselves into RNA.
d) DNA sequences that can insert themselves into new positions within the genome

d) DNA sequences that can insert themselves into new positions within the genome.

Repeated sequences make genome sequencing challenging for of all of the following reasons except:
a) repeated sequences are typically longer than the short sequences obtained by automated sequencing.
b) there is no easy way to determine how many copies of

d) the long repeats often have mutations that are not easily sequenced.

Retrotransposons are a class of transposable elements that:
a) uses DNA as an intermediate.
b) replicate and transpose via DNA replication and repair.
c) uses RNA as an intermediate.
d) uses ribosomes as an intermediate.
e) uses protein as an intermediate

c) uses RNA as an intermediate.

The human chromosome 1 is approximately 250 million nucleotides long. In order to sequence human chromosome 1, the chromosome is broken up into hundreds of small fragments. These short fragments are placed together in the correct order to generate the lon

e) sequence assembly.

The region of DNA sequences before the start of a gene is often called the promoter. One type of promoter is called the TATA box. Many species' promoters are TATA boxes or a variation of the TATA box. DNA sequences that are similar in different organisms

a) conserved

Which of the following are sequence motifs?
a) open reading frame
b) hairpin structures
c) promoters
d) coding region
e) All of these choices are correct.

e) All of these choices are correct.

How many pairs of chromosomes does the human genome normally have?
a) 6
b) 15
c) 38
d) 23
e) 46

d) 23

In the eukaryotic DNA sequence below, the highlighted repeat is a tandem repeat. It is also what other kind of repeat?
CACACACACACACACA CACACACACACACACACACA
a) transposon repeat
b) dispersed repeat
c) simple sequence repeat
d) long terminal repeat
e) shor

c) simple sequence repeat

Which of the following is not a type of sequence identified by gene annotation?
a) tandem repeat
b) noncoding RNA
c) single copy gene
d) topoisomerase
e) simple sequence repeat

d) topoisomerase

Figure 13.3 provides examples of various types of sequences that can be found in a segment of double-stranded DNA. Which one of the following is MOST likely to be protein-coding?
a) dispersed repeat
b) single-copy gene
c) simple-sequence repeat
d) tandem

b) single-copy gene

Polyploids with an odd number of sets of chromosomes have many problems in meiosis but none in mitosis. Why?
a) Homologous chromosomes pair in meiosis.
b) Crossing over occurs in meiosis.
c) DNA replication is less accurate in meiosis than in mitosis.
d)

a) Homologous chromosomes pair in meiosis

Which of the following characteristics is true of ALL viruses? (Select all that apply.)
a) They contain a DNA genome.
b) They have a protein coat called a capsid.
c) They are surrounded by a lipid envelope.
d) They must infect a host cell to reproduce.

b) They have a protein coat called a capsid.
d) They must infect a host cell to reproduce.

The marbled lungfish has a genome size almost 50 times larger than that of the human genome. The MOST likely explanation is that the lungfish:
a) genome contains a lot of repetitive DNA.
b) genome is most likely polyploid.
c) has much bigger cells and so

a) genome contains a lot of repetitive DNA

Isolating chromosomes during metaphase then fragmenting, denaturing, and labeling them with a unique combination of fluorescent dyes is called:
a) chromosome painting.
b) DNA painting.
c) None of the answer options is correct.
d) chromosome typing.
e) kar

a) chromosome painting.

Repeated DNA sequences represent a special challenge in genome sequence assembly. Which of the following would be harder to assemble correctly, assuming the number of copies of the repeat can be determined?
a) sequences containing repeats longer than the

a) sequences containing repeats longer than the DNA fragments to assemble

A new virus is discovered that infects sheep. The viral genome does not contain a reverse transcriptase gene and can base pair with sequences complementary to the mRNA sequence of the viral genes. Which kind of virus could this be? (Select all that apply.

d) type III
e) type II

The MOST likely origin of human HIV1 virus is a related virus that infects:
a) cats.
b) chimpanzees.
c) horses.
d) cows.
e) sheep.

b) chimpanzees.

Which of the following modifications of a virus might allow it to infect one cell, but would prevent it from releasing additional viruses that could infect other cells?
a) addition of viral mRNA to the host cell
b) removal of the reverse transcriptase gen

c) modification of genes for capsid proteins to make them nonfunctional

Which of the following would be found in DNA sequences but not in mRNA sequences?
a) transcription start sites
b) All of these choices are correct.
c) exons
d) open reading frames
e) translation start sites

a) transcription start sites

Within the human genome, 45% of the DNA is composed of what?
a) moderately repetitive DNA
b) transposable elements
c) noncoding sequences
d) coding sequences
e) highly repetitive DNA

b) transposable elements

Knowing an individual's DNA sequence may be beneficial because it makes it possible to predict:
a) the occurrence of a disease.
b) physical differences.
c) susceptibility to disease.
d) All of these choices are correct.
e) response to medications.

d) All of these choices are correct.

Nucleoids are supercoils of DNA forming a structure with multiple loops located within:
a) insects.
b) protists.
c) yeast.
d) bacteria.
e) plants.

d) bacteria.

The genome of a newly identified organism is discovered and genome assembly shows that it is a single continuous strand of DNA. Which is more likely?
a) The organism is a bacterium.
b) The organism is a eukaryote.
c) Each option is equally possible.

a) The organism is a bacterium.