The most widely accepted formal classification of protists assigns them to
five different supergroups.
Which of the characteristic(s) apply to the supergroup Archaeplastida?
All of these apply.
Which disease is incorrectly matched with the causative agent?
malaria�an amoebozoan
_____ is a mixotrophic protozoan that is able to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic nutritional modes.
Euglena
Which protistan structure is NOT correctly matched with its function?
cyst�a reproductive structure
Which is NOT a feature found in protozoans?
multicellular
Which organelles serve as the energy centers for most protists?
mitochondria and plastids
Which of the following protists is incorrectly matched with its form of locomotion?
sporozoan�pellicle
Protist reproduction
is most commonly asexual by mitosis.
This name of the filamentous algae pictured here, belonging to the supergroup Archaeplastida, is
Spirogyra.
Which of the following alga is mismatched with its description?
Volvox�filamentous
DNA sequencing suggests that among the green algae, the _____ are most closely related to land plants.
Stoneworts
The members of the supergroup Archaeplastida that have cell walls impregnated with calcium carbonate and help build coral reefs are the
red algae.
Red tides" are produced by massive blooms of
dinoflagellates.
Which feature has to be present in a protist in order to classify it as a photoautotroph?
the presence of a light-trapping pigment
The deposits of chalky fossils that built the White Cliffs of Dover were formed by
foraminiferans.
The opisthokonts include all of the following organisms EXCEPT
plants
Which definition would best describe the mode of nutrition of Euglena?
mixotrophic
Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Excavata?
diplomonads, euglenids, and parabasalids
A flagellated protist that is sexually transmitted is
Trichomonas.
Which description best supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelles?
Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and plastids by engulfing free-living bacteria and developed a symbiotic relationship with them. Mitochondria were derived from aerobic bacterium while chloroplasts were derived from cyanobacterium.
Which of the following organisms belong to the supergroup Amoebozoa?
plasmodial and cellular slime molds
Slime molds were once classified as fungi. What characteristics of the slime molds distinguish them from fungi?
All of these characteristics distinguish slime molds from fungi.
The endosymbiont hypothesis proposes all of the following EXCEPT
prokaryotes evolved when an aerobic bacterium engulfed a cyanobacterium.
If a public health official was trying to reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide," which of the following actions would they take?
All of these actions would help reduce the potential for human exposure to a "red tide.
Which of the following protozoans is mismatched with the disease that it causes?
Giardia lamblia�malaria
Imagine you are working for the Florida Public Health Department and you have been assigned the task of preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades. Which of the following scenarios would have a chance of success?
All of these scenarios would have a chance of success in preventing malaria from spreading throughout the southern Everglades.
A common cause of amoebic dysentery is
Entamoeba histolytica.
Amoebic dysentery is transmitted by (through)
ingesting contaminated water or food.
In Plasmodium, sexual reproduction occurs in the _____, while asexual reproduction occurs in _____.
mosquito; humans
Diatoms share a more recent common ancestor with dinoflagellates than with water molds.
False
Based on the evolutionary tree shown, which of the following pairs of protists are most closely related?
alveolates & stramenopiles
The term "protist" is used to refer to a eukaryote that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.
True
The reason biologists believe that green algae and land plants, both members of the supergroup Archaeplastida, are related is because both of them possess chlorophyll a and b, as well as cell walls made of starch.
False
It is believed that eukaryotes evolved their mitochondria from a symbiotic relationship with a free-living aerobic bacteria.
True
Brown algae that live along the rocky shores of the north temperate zones are able to withstand pounding tides and drying because of their holdfasts and the water-retaining material in their cell walls.
True
Each time a diatom reproduces sexually, the size of the daughter cells decreases until diatoms are about 30% of their original size. At this point, they begin to reproduce asexually.
False
Water molds are heterotrophic because they are parasitic on fish, plants, and insects.
True
The 1840s Irish potato famine was caused by a water mold parasite on potatoes.
True
Which of the following fungi/phylum associations is incorrect?
cup fungus / Glomeromycota
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which reproduces asexually through the production of zoospores, recently destroyed populations of harlequin frogs in Central and South America. It is a member of which phylum of fungi?
Chytridiomycota
You are studying a newly discovered fungus and find an area of a hyphae that contains cells with two nuclei. You should classify these cells as diploid.
false
Which of the following does NOT describe phylum Ascomycota?
They are limited to only asexual reproduction.
Chytrids are the only fungi with flagellated gametes and spores.
true
The current hypothesis about fungal evolution suggests that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota are more closely related than Ascomycota and Glomeromycota.
True
The current hypothesis about fungal evolution suggests that Microsporidia are most distantly related to Neocallimastigomycota.
false
Fungi and animals share a more recent common ancestor than do fungi and plants.
true
Which of the following spores is the result of asexual reproduction?
sporangiospores
Which of the following structures are NOT involved in sexual reproduction?
conidia
Fungal diseases include all of the following EXCEPT
strep throat (pharyngitis).
In differentiating fungi from plants and animals, which of the following statements is NOT true?
The energy reserve of fungi is starch while the energy reserve of animals is glycogen.
The difference between septate hyphae and aseptate hyphae is
determined by whether the hyphae have cross walls or lack cross walls.
Dikaryotic cells of fungi
contain paired haploid nuclei that fail to fuse for an extended period of time.
Which of the following traits are found in both fungi and animals?
heterotrophic & consume preformed organic matter
One of the long, branching filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus is called a(n)
hypha
A mushroom would produce a sexual spore known as a(n)
basidiospore
The relationship between the fungi and algae in lichens is best described as
a possible controlled parasitism wherein the fungi withdraw food from the algae and the algae do not benefit from the association.
The parasitic sac fungus that grows on rye and other grains and contains the hallucinogenic chemical lysergic acid is
ergot
A sexual spore produced by a sac fungus is called a(n)
ascospore
An asexual spore produced by a sac fungus or club fungus is called a(n)
conidiospore
The presence of _____ indicates that the air is healthy for humans to breathe.
lichens
When the cap of an average gilled mushroom is cut off and placed on paper, a spoke-like print eventually appears on the paper under the cap. This powdery material would be
basidiospores.
The fungi that parasitize cereal crops such as corn, wheat, oats, and rye are the
rusts and smuts.
Which is NOT a correct association of a fungus and product?
rusts and smuts�truffles
Crustose, fruticose, and foliose are varieties of
lichens
Which of the fungal groups is mismatched with the asexual spore produced?
None are mismatched. They are all correctly matched.
Species of _____ are known to decompose jet fuel and wall paint.
sac fungi
Yeasts
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following statements about mycorrhizae is/are true?
A and C are correct.
Mycorrhizal sac fungi that live in association with oak and beech tree roots are
truffles
Fungal infections are difficult to treat because
fungal and human cells are so similar that it is difficult to make fungal medications that do not harm human cells.
Poisonous or physiologically active chemicals found in various fungi include all of the following EXCEPT
digitoxin
Which of the following information provides the strongest evidence to support the evolutionary relatedness between fungi and animals?
Molecular data shows a similarity in DNA/RNA base sequences.
Determine which of the following scenarios would be most likely to occur if the cyanobacteria was removed from a lichen.
The nutrients produced from the photosynthetic cyanobacteria would no longer be available for the fungal cells.
Fungi are thought to have been the first kind of eukaryotic cells that evolved.
false
The part of a mushroom that we eat is usually the reproductive structure that supports the fruiting body.
true
A normal inhabitant of the vaginal tract that causes "yeast infections" under certain circumstances is Saccharomyces.
False
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi invade plant roots, with many species forming mutualistic associations that benefit both the fungus and the plant.
true
Penicillium is a club fungus that is used to make beer and wine.
false
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the structural components of fungi?
The vast majority of fungi are multicellular organisms that are composed of a mycelium as well as individual hyphae. Chitin is a structural carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall of fungi.
Which of the following statements describes mycorrhizae?
A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungi and the roots of most plants.
Mycorrhizae are a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae in which the algae takes advantage of the fungi.
False
Which statement is the most likely description of the common ancestor that exists between fungi and animals?
The ancestor was a flagellated organism that lived in some type of aquatic environment. It was most likely a unicellular protist.
Which of the following traits is NOT found in both fungi and animals?
saprotrophic
What is the correct order of reproduction in members of phylum Zygomycota?a. Hyphae of opposite mating strains touch each other.b. Gametangia merge, nuclei pair and fuse.c. Spores are released from the sporangium.d. Gametangia form at the end of the hypha
a - d - b - e - c
What is the correct order of reproduction in members of phylum Basidiomycota?a. Cytoplasmic fusion results in a dikaryotic mycelium.b. The mycelium produces basidiocarps.c. Nuclear fusion produces a diploid nucleus.d. Meiosis produces basidiospores.e. Spo
a - b - f - c - d - g - e
Based upon the current evolutionary tree, which of the following groups would have the closest evolutionary relatedness to the fungi?
nucleariids
Which of the following is a male reproductive structure found in plants?
pollen cone
Which of the following is a nonvascular plant? Select all that apply.
gymnosperm fern
All of the following structures are associated with lycophytes EXCEPT
archegonia
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to life on land?
waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out
As plants invaded the land, all of the following were true EXCEPT
there was an increased threat from predation by animals.
Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from
charophytes.
In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the
gametophyte
Which of the following is NOT part of an alternation of generations life cycle?
triploid gametes
In the moss life cycle, the _____ is the dominant generation.
haploid gametophyte
Molecular data shows that land plants and charophytes
are in the same clade and form a monophyletic group.
Which of the following is a trait that evolved in ALL land plants?
protection of the embryo
A characteristic only shared by angiosperms and gymnosperms is
the production of seeds.
A characteristic of land plants is the presence of small openings, found mostly on the underside of leaves, that allow gas exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called
stomata.