Sepsis
Illness resulting from circulating agents or toxins - blood poisoning
Septic Shock
when sepsis produces low enough blood pressure to cause multiorgan failure
Endocarditis
infections of the heart valves or the inner surfaces of the heart
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
Causative Agent: Skin or mouth normal microflora
Pathogenesis: enter through dental procedures or other trauma; in an abnormal heart, turbulent blood flow causes formation of a thin clot; biofilm forms; high levels of antibiotics to bacteria found in bloo
Tularemia
Signs/Symptoms: Ulcer at site of entry
Epidemiology: Risk mainly to hunters and others that handle wildlife. Enters broken skin, as may occur when skinning rabbits
Class A Bioterrorism agent, though non-communicable
Bubo
an enlarged, tender lymph node characteristic of plague and some sexually transmitted infections
Plague
Signs/Symptoms: Buboes
Pathogenesis: Enters by bite of infected rat fleas
Epidemiology: endemic in rodents and other wild animals and their fleas, particularly in the western US. Transmitted by rodent fleas; pneumonia plague can be transmitted person-to-p
Infectious Mononuclosis
Signs/Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, sore throat
Pathogenesis: Epithelial cells of throat and salivary ducts, then latent infection of B-lymphocytes; enlarged spleen
Epidemiology: Spread by saliva; lifelong recurrent shedding of virus into saliva
Treatment: Ac
Yellow Fever
Signs/Symptoms: high fever, jaundice, black vomit, and hemorrhages into the skin
Pathogenesis: mosquito bite. Virus destroys liver cells, causing jaundice and decreased production of blood-clotting proteins
Epidemiology: forest primates and their mosquito
Dengue Fever
Signs/Symptoms: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)(blooding clotting in arteries)
Pathogenesis: Infected and distributed via macrophage. DHF is the result of a re-infection
Epidemiology: Aedes mosquitoes. DHF usua
Hemorrhagic Fevers
Signs/Symptoms: leaky capillaries, bleeding from ALL mucous membranes, no clotting, bloody vomit, and diarrhea; multiorgan failure or shock; death
Pathogenesis: Highly infectious
Epidemiology: 50-80% death rate. African countries
Treatment: Quick diagnosi
Zika
Signs/Symptoms: microcephaly, severe brain malformations and other birth defects
Pathogenesis: mosquito salivary glands
Epidemiology: albopictus and Aedes aegypti, sexual contact and blood transfusion
Prevention: Mosquito control and condoms
Chikungunya
Signs/Symptoms: joint pain (98%) of more than one joint, muscle pain and rash (40-50%)
Pathogenesis: Aedes albopictus and Aedes asgypti. Fever of up to 104 F and sometimes biphasic. Most are better within a week, but can have joint pain for months
Epidemi
Malaria
Signs/Symptoms: Recurrent cycles of violent chills and fever alternating with feeling healthy
Pathogenesis: Fever; spleen enlarges and many abnormal blood cells; vessels block, depriving tissue of O2
Epidemiology: Anopheles mosquito
Prevention: Quinine-fa
Chagas Disease
Signs/Symptoms: no/mild symptoms (fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or swelling at the site of the bite) 30-40% develop further symptoms 10-30 years later
Pathogenesis: Bug bite the face at night and defecate in the wound; scratching helps the protoz
An estimated 400,000 cases of Gram-negative sepsis occur in the US each year.
True
In the US, about 500,000 hospitalized patients develop bladder infections each year, mostly after catheterizations
True
Recently, 28 cases of dengue fever were reported in the Florida Keys, a subtropical area of the US.
True
An estimated 300 to 500 million people contract malaria each year, and a child dies of the disease every 40 seconds.
True
Yersinia pestis produces the disease alternative known as the plague, the Black Death, or the bubonic plague (those afflicted have enlarged lymph nodes called buboes), which can take pneumonic and septicemic forms.
True