Physical Anthropology Exam 2

Lemuroidea examples

-Lemurs, Sifakas, Indriids, Aye Ayes
-Madagascar
-Fruit, Leaves
-2:1:3:3 and dental comb
-Pairs, Groups, Female Dominant
-Post-orbital bar
-Grooming claw
-Mostly nocturnal

Lorisoidea

-Pottos,Galagos, Lorises
-Africa, SE Asia
-Insects,Fruit
-2:1:3:3
-Solitary or Small Groups
-Post-Orbital bar
-Grooming claw
-Mostly nocturnal

Tarsioidea

-Tarsiers
-SE Asia
-Insects
-2:1:3:3/1:1:3:3
-Pairs, Park Infants
-Post-orbital closure
-Nocturnal
-No Tapetum Lucidum

Ceboidea (Marmosets and Tamarins)

-Central and South America
-Gum, Insects, Fruit
-2:1:3:2
-Pairs, Female Dominant, Twins, Paternal Care
-Small bodied
-Claws
-Big Teeth

Ceboidea (Owl Monkeys)

-Central and South America
-Fruit, Insects
-Monogamous Pairs, Paternal Care
Nocturnal

Ceboidea (Capuchins & Squirrel Monkeys)

-Central and South America
-Fruits, Vertebrates
-2:1:3:3
-Groups, Variables
-Tool Use
-Partially Prehensile Tail (Capuchin)

Ceboidea (Howler, Spider and Woolly Monkeys, Muriquis)

-Central and South America
-Leaves, Fruit
-2:1:3:3
-Groups, Variables
-Prehensile Tails
-Fission-Fusion (Spider, Woolly, Muriqui)
-Semibrachiators (Spider, Muriqui)

Ceboidea (Sakis, Uakaris, Titi Monkeys)

-Central and South America
-Fruits, Seeds
-2:1:3:3
-Pairs or Multi-male Multi-female

Cercopthecines (Baboons, Macaques, Mangabeys)

-Africa and Asia
-Fruit, Leaves
-2:1:2:3
-Groups, Male dominant, marked dimorphism
-Ischial Callosities (Baboon butt)
-Cheek pouches

Colobines (Colobus, Langurs, Proboscis)

-Africa and Asia
-Seeds, Leaves
-2:1:2:3
-Groups, Male dominant, marked dimorphism
-Sacculated Stomachs

Hominoidea (Gibbons)

-SE Asia
-Fruit
-2:1:2:3
-Pairs, Monomorphic
-Sing
-True Brachiators
-Territorial

Hominoidea (Orangutans)

-Borneo and Sumatra
-Fruit
-Solitary
-Quadrumanous
-Cheek flanges
-Secondary males
-Highly dimorphic

Hominoidea (Gorillas)

-Africa
-Leaves, Fruit
-2:1:2:3
-One male several females, bachelor groups
-Knuckle walking
-Most dimorphic
-Silverback Males

Hominoidea (Chimpanzees)

-Africa
-Fruit
-2:1:2:3
-Multi-male Multi-female, Fission-fusion
-Female dominant (female alliances)
-Knuckle-walking
-Hunting
-Male Hierarchy
-Moderately dimorphic
-Agonistic interaction is common

Hominoidea (Bonobos)

-Africa
-Fruit
-2:1:2:3
-Multi-female multi-male, fission-fusion
-Female dominant (female alliances)
-knuckle-walking
-moderately dimorphic
-sex as interaction

Hominoidea (Humans-foragers)

-Everywhere
-Fruit, Tubers, Meat
-2:1:2:3
-Egalitarian
-Often polygamous
-food sharing
-central place foraging
-no canine dimorphism
-cooking
-bipedal