A flat macular hemorrhage is called a(n):
purpura.
ecchymosis.
petechiae.
hemangioma.
purpura.
--> Purpura is a flat, macular, red-to-purple hemorrhage that is a confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses greater than 3 mm.
-->An ecchymosis is a hemorrhage that is greater than 3 mm.
-->Petechiae are tiny punctate hemorrhages
A scooped-out, shallow depression in the skin is called a(n):
ulcer.
excoriation.
fissure.
erosion.
erosion
--> An ulcer is a deeper depression extending into the dermis.
--> An excoriation is a self-inflicted abrasion that is superficial.
--> A fissure is a narrow opening of tissue or skin. --> An erosion is a scooped-out, shallow depression in the ski
Risk factors that may lead to skin disease and breakdown include:
loss of protective cushioning of the dermal skin layer.
decreased vascular fragility.
a lifetime of environmental trauma.
increased thickness of the skin.
a lifetime of environmental trauma
Accumulating factors that place an aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown include
-thinning of the skin,
-decrease in vascularity and nutrients,
-loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous layer,
-a l
The components of a nail examination include:
contour, consistency, and color.
shape, surface, and circulation.
clubbing, pitting, and grooving.
texture, toughness, and translucency.
contour, consistency, and color.
The nails should be assessed for shape and contour, consistency, and color.
What term refers to a linear skin lesion that runs along a nerve route?
Zosteriform
Annular
Dermatome
Shingles
Zosteriform
--> Zosteriform describes a lesion that has a linear arrangement along a nerve root.
--> Annular describes a lesion that is circular and begins in the center and spreads to the periphery.
--> A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly suppl
To determine if a dark-skinned patient is pale, the nurse should assess the color of the:
conjunctivae.
earlobes.
palms of the hands.
skin in the antecubital space.
conjunctivae
To detect pallor in a dark-skinned patient, the nurse should assess an area with the least pigmentation, such as the conjunctivae or mucous membranes.
An example of a primary lesion is a(n):
erosion.
ulcer.
urticaria.
port-wine stain.
Urticaria
-->Urticaria is a primary lesion; a primary lesion is one that develops on previously unaltered skin.
-->Erosions are secondary lesions; a secondary lesion is one that changes over time or changes because of a factor such as scratching or infect
When taking the health history, the patient complains of pruritus. What is a common cause of this symptom?
Excessive bruising
Hyperpigmentation
Melasma
Drug reactions
Drug reactions
Drug reactions can lead to pruritus or itching.
Excessive bruising can occur in response to a traumatic event or a coagulation abnormality. It is associated with erythema, not pruritus.
Hyperpigmentation is related to color changes.
Melasma
A student nurse has been assigned to teach fourth graders about hygiene. While preparing, the student nurse adds information about the sweat glands. Which of the following should be included while discussing this topic?
There are two types of sweat glands
Newborn infants do not sweat and use compensatory mechanisms to control body temperature.
--> Newborn infants' eccrine glands do not secrete sweat in response to heat until the first few months of life; newborn temperature regulation is ineffective.
--> T
Functions of the skin include:
production of vitamin C.
temperature regulation.
production of new cells by melanocytes.
secretion of a drying substance called sebum.
Temperature regulation.
Functions of the skin include protection, prevention of penetration, perception (of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure), temperature regulation, identification, communication, wound repair, absorption and excretion, and product
The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the:
closure of the semilunar valves.
closure of the AV valves.
opening of the semilunar valves.
opening of the AV valves.
closure of the AV valves.
S1 occurs with closure of the atrioventricular valves. The second heart sound (S2) occurs with closure of the semilunar valves. Normally opening of the semilunar valves is silent, but in aortic or pulmonic stenosis, an ejection c
A bruit heard while auscultating the carotid artery of a 65-year-old patient is caused by:
decreased velocity of blood flow through the carotid artery.
turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery.
rapid blood flow through the carotid artery.
increased
turbulent blood flow through the carotid artery.
A carotid bruit is a blowing, swishing sound indicating blood flow turbulence. A bruit indicates atherosclerotic narrowing of the vessel.
The ability of the heart to contract independently of any signals or stimulation is due to:
depolarization.
automaticity.
conduction.
repolarization.
automaticity.
The heart can contract by itself, independent of any signals or stimulation from the body; this property is termed automaticity. Depolarization is the reversal of the resting potential in excitable cardiac muscle cell membranes when stimulat
The semilunar valves separate the:
atria from the ventricles.
right atria from the left atria.
ventricles from the arteries.
atria from the veins.
ventricles from the arteries.
The semilunar valves separate the ventricles from the arteries. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria and ventricles. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria and the ventricles. The septum separates the right
The leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves are anchored by __ to the __, which are embedded in the ventricular floor.
endocardial ligaments; mediastinal muscles
atrioventricular tendons; pericardial bundles
chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
perica
chordae tendineae; papillary muscles
The valves are anchored by collagenous fibers (chordae tendineae) to the papillary muscles, which are embedded in the ventricle floor.
Which of the following guidelines may be used to identify which heart sound is S1?
S1 is louder than S2 at the base of the heart.
S1 coincides with the A wave of the jugular venous pulse wave.
S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse.
S1 coincides with
S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse.
S1 coincides with the carotid artery pulse. S1 is loudest at the apex of the heart. S1 coincides with the C wave of the jugular venous pulse wave. S1 coincides with the R wave (the upstroke of the QRS complex).
The jugular venous pressure is an indirect reflection of the:
heart's efficiency as a pump.
cardiac cycle.
conduction effectiveness.
synchronization of mechanical activity.
heart's efficiency as a pump.
Jugular venous pressure is a reflection of the heart's ability to pump blood. If the pressure is elevated, heart failure is suspected.
Which of the following cardiac alterations occurs during pregnancy?
An increase in cardiac output and blood pressure
An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure
An increased heart rate and increased blood pressure
An increased stroke vo
An increase in cardiac volume and a decrease in blood pressure.
During pregnancy the blood volume increases by 30% to 40%; this creates an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output and an increased pulse rate of 10 to 15 beats per minute. The arterial
When auscultating the heart of a newborn within 24 hours after birth, the examiner hears a continuous sound that mimics the sound of a machine. This finding most likely indicates:
the presence of congenital heart disease.
a normal sound because of the thi
an expected sound caused by nonclosure of the ductus arteriosus.
The murmur of a patent ductus arteriosus is a continuous machinery murmur, which disappears by 2 to 3 days.
Which of the following is an appropriate position to have the patient assume when auscultating for extra heart sounds or murmurs?
Roll toward the left side
Roll toward the right side
Trendelenburg position
Recumbent position
Roll toward the left side
After auscultation in the supine position, the nurse should have the patient roll onto the left side; the examiner should listen at the apex with the bell for the presence of any diastolic filling sounds (i.e., S3 or S4) or murmu
A patient has severe bilateral lower extremity edema. The most likely cause is:
an infection of the right great toe.
Raynaud phenomenon.
heart failure.
an aortic aneurysm.
heart failure.
Bilateral lower extremity edema is a result of a generalized disorder such as heart failure. An infection of only one extremity would lead to unilateral edema. Raynaud phenomenon does not result in bilateral lower extremity edema. Aneurysms
In young children, the thymus gland:
produces T lymphocytes.
is small and begins to atrophy.
is not important in immune function.
produces B lymphocytes.
produces T lymphocytes.
In young children, the thymus gland is important in developing the T lymphocytes of the immune system. The thymus is large in the fetus and young children and atrophies after puberty. The thymus has no function in adults. The thymu
Palpable inguinal lymph nodes are:
normal if small (less than 1 cm), movable, and nontender.
abnormal in adults but common in children and infants.
normal if fixed and tender.
abnormal and indicate the presence of malignant disease.
normal if small (less than 1 cm), movable, and nontender.
Inguinal lymph nodes may be palpable. This is a normal finding if the nodes are small (1 cm or less), movable, and nontender. Lymph nodes may be relatively large in children, and the superficial on
One of the leg's deep veins is the:
great saphenous.
small saphenous.
tibial.
popliteal.
popliteal.
The femoral and popliteal veins are the deep veins in the leg. The superficial veins are the great and small saphenous veins. The superficial veins are the great and small saphenous veins. The anterior tibial veins extend downward from the popl
In pulsus paradoxus:
the rhythm is irregular; every other beat is premature.
there is a deficiency of arterial blood to a body part.
the rhythm is regular, but the force of the pulse varies with alternating beats.
beats have weaker amplitude with respirat
beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration and stronger amplitude with expiration.
In pulsus paradoxus, beats have weaker amplitude with inspiration and stronger amplitude with expiration. The rhythm is irregular and coupled in pulsus bigemi
Arteriosclerosis refers to:
a variation from the heart's normal rhythm.
a sac formed by dilation in the arterial wall.
thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
deposition of fatty plaques along the intima of the arteries.
thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. A dysrhythmia is a variation from the heart's normal rhythm. An aneurysm is a sac formed by dilation in the artery wa
A water-hammer or Corrigan pulse is associated with:
hyperkinetic states.
decreased cardiac output.
aortic valve regurgitation.
conduction disturbance.
aortic valve regurgitation.
A water-hammer (Corrigan) pulse occurs in aortic valve regurgitation. A full, bounding pulse is associated with hyperkinetic states (exercise, anxiety, fever). A weak, thready pulse occurs with decreased cardiac output. Pulsus
The cervical nodes drain the:
upper arm and breast.
hand and lower arm.
external genitalia.
head and neck.
head and neck.
The cervical nodes drain the head and neck. Axillary nodes drain the breast and upper arm. The epitrochlear node drains the hand and lower arm. Inguinal nodes drain most of the lymph from the lower extremity, the external genitalia, and the
Lymphedema is:
the indentation left after the examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue.
a thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls.
an inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation.
the swelling of an extremit
the swelling of an extremity caused by an obstructed lymph channel.
Lymphedema is swelling of the limb caused by surgical removal of lymph nodes or damage to lymph nodes and vessels. Pretibial edema (pitting) occurs if an indentation is left after the exa
Claudication is caused by:
venous insufficiency.
arterial insufficiency.
varicose veins.
stasis ulcerations.
arterial insufficiency.
Claudication is caused by arterial insufficiency. Varicose veins are venous in origin. Stasis ulcerations are venous in origin.
The organ in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen is the:
spleen.
liver.
cecum.
sigmoid colon.
liver.
The liver is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The spleen is in the left upper quadrant. The cecum is in the right lower quadrant. The sigmoid colon is in the left lower quadrant.
The abdomen normally moves with breathing until the age of __ years.
4
7
14
75
7
Abdominal breathing in children continues until the age of 7 years.
Moles on the abdomen:
are common.
are uncommon.
require a biopsy.
are no cause for concern.
are common.
Pigmented nevi (moles) are common on the abdomen. Nevi are circumscribed brown macular or papular areas. Nevi should be observed for unusual color or change in shape; biopsy or removal is indicated if nevi change, which indicates a possible ma
Older adults have:
decreased salivation leading to dry mouth.
increased gastric acid secretion.
increased liver size.
decreased incidence of gallstones.
decreased salivation leading to dry mouth.
Aging results in decreased salivation leading to dry mouth. Aging results in decreased gastric acid secretion. Aging results in decreased liver size. Aging results in increased incidence of gallstone formation.
The four layers of large, flat abdominal muscles form the:
linea alba.
rectus abdominis.
ventral abdominal wall.
viscera.
ventral abdominal wall.
The four layers of large, flat muscles form the ventral abdominal wall. These muscles are joined at the midline by a tendinous seam, the linea alba. One set of abdominal muscles, the rectus abdominis, forms a strip extending the le
Ascites is defined as:
a bowel obstruction.
a proximal loop of the large intestine.
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites is free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. A bowel obstruction may result in abdominal distention. The proximal loop of the large intestine is the ascending colon. Splenomegaly is
Pyrosis is:
an inflammation of the peritoneum.
a burning sensation in the upper abdomen.
a congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
an abnormally sunken abdominal wall.
a burning sensation in the upper abdomen.
Pyrosis (heartburn) is a burning sensation in the esophagus and stomach from reflux of gastric acid. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum. Pyloric stenosis is a congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphi
The symptoms occurring with lactose intolerance include:
bloating and flatulence.
gray stools.
hematemesis.
anorexia.
bloating and flatulence.
Lactose intolerance produces abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence when milk products are consumed. Gray stools may occur with hepatitis. Hematemesis occurs with stomach or duodenal ulcers and esophageal varices. Anorexia is a
Methods to enhance abdominal wall relaxation during examination include:
a cool environment.
having the patient place arms above the head.
examining painful areas first.
positioning the patient with the knees bent.
positioning the patient with the knees bent.
Position the patient supine, with the head on a pillow, knees bent or on a pillow, and arms at the side. Keep the room warm to avoid chilling and tensing of muscles. Avoid having arms above the head; this incre
Pyloric stenosis is a(n):
abnormal enlargement of the pyloric sphincter.
inflammation of the pyloric sphincter.
congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
abnormal opening in the pyloric sphincter.
congenital narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
Pyloric stenosis is a congenital defect causing a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
The first sign of puberty in boys is:
enlargement of the testes.
the appearance of pubic hair.
an increase in penis size.
pubic hair growth extending up the abdomen.
enlargement of the testes.
The first sign of puberty in boys is enlargement of the testes. Following the enlargement of the testes, pubic hair appears, then penis size increases. Pubic hair growth extending up the abdomen occurs after puberty.
__ is acute inflammation of the testes.
Genital herpes
Priapism
Orchitis
Paraphimosis
Orchitis
Orchitis is an acute inflammation of the testes. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus; the vesicles erupt on the glans or foreskin. Priapism is a prolonged painful erection of the penis. Paraphimos
The ejaculatory duct is:
the passage formed by the joining of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle.
a muscular duct continuous with the epididymis.
a narrow tunnel inferior to the inguinal ligament.
a narrow tunnel superior to the inguinal ligament.
the passage formed by the joining of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle.
The ejaculatory duct is the passage formed by the junction of the duct of the seminal vesicles and the vas deferens through which semen enters the urethra. The muscular duct co
Orchitis is (are):
a meatus opening on the dorsal side of the glans or shaft.
hard, subcutaneous plaques associated with painful bending of the erect penis.
a circumscribed collection of serous fluid in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testes.
an acut
an acute inflammation of the testes.
Orchitis is an acute inflammation of the testes. Epispadias is a meatus opening on the dorsal side of the glans or shaft. Peyronie disease is a result of hard, nontender, subcutaneous plaques on the penis that cause a
The corona is:
a shoulder where the glans joins the shaft.
a hood or flap of skin over the glans.
a corpus spongiosum cone of erectile tissue.
folds of thin skin on the scrotal wall.
a shoulder where the glans joins the shaft.
The corona is a shoulder where the glans joins the shaft. Over the glans, the skin folds in and back on itself forming a hood or flap called the foreskin or prepuce. The penis is composed of three cylindrical co
The penis:
is composed of two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.
is a loose protective sac that is a continuation of the abdominal wall.
and scrotum are the internal structures of the male genitals.
size is controlled by the cremaster muscle.
is composed of two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.
The penis is composed of three cylindrical columns of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side and the corpus spongiosum ventrally. The scrotum is a loose protective sac that
A retention cyst in the epididymis filled with milky fluid containing sperm is called:
a varicocele.
a spermatocele.
Peyronie disease.
a prepuce.
a spermatocele.
A spermatocele is a retention cyst in the epididymis filled with milky fluid containing sperm. A varicocele is a dilated, tortuous varicose vein in the spermatic cord. Peyronie disease is a result of hard, nontender, subcutaneous plaques o
__ is an emergency requiring surgery.
A scrotal hernia
Epididymitis
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism
Testicular torsion
Testicular torsion is a sudden twisting of the spermatic cord; blood supply is cut off, and the testis can become gangrenous in a few hours. Emergency surgery is required. A scrotal hernia is usually due to indirect inguinal hernia; the
The term rugae refers to:
a corpus spongiosum cone of erectile tissue.
folds of thin skin of the scrotal wall.
a muscle that controls the size of the scrotum.
an acute inflammation of the testes.
folds of thin skin of the scrotal wall.
The scrotum wall consists of thin skin lying in folds, or rugae, and the underlying cremaster muscle. The penis is composed of three cylindrical columns of erectile tissue: two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side a
Soft, pointed, fleshy papules that occur on the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are known as:
chancres.
genital warts.
urethritis.
varicoceles.
genital warts.
Condylomata acuminata (genital warts) are soft, pointed, fleshy papules that occur on the genitalia and are caused by HPV. Syphilitic chancres are small, solitary, silvery papules that erode to a red, round or oval, superficial ulcer with a
Which continent has the lowest prevalence rate of prostate cancer?
North America
Australia
Northwestern Europe
Asia
Asia
Prostate cancer is more common in North America and northwestern Europe and is less common in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia.
Pruritus is the presence of:
an itching or burning sensation.
a longitudinal tear in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin.
blood in the stool.
excessive fat in the stool.
an itching or burning sensation.
Pruritus is an itching or burning sensation. A fissure is a painful longitudinal tear in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin. Melena, hematochezia, and occult describe blood in the stool. Steatorrhea is excessive fat
Long-term use of laxatives frequently leads to:
hemorrhoids.
a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract.
dependence.
fistula formation.
dependence.
Long-term use of laxatives may lead to dependence. Hemorrhoids result from increased portal venous pressure, as occurs with straining at stool, chronic constipation, pregnancy, obesity, chronic liver disease, or a low-fiber diet. An anorectal
A patient tells the examiner that passing stools is painful. What term would the examiner use to document painful bowel movements?
Dyschezia
Occult
Flatulence
Encopresis
Dyschezia
Dyschezia is the painful passage of stool secondary to a local condition (e.g., hemorrhoids, fissure) or constipation. Occult is a term used to describe blood in the stools that is not visible. Flatulence is the passage of gas from the anus. Enc
An anorectal fistula is usually caused by:
a tear in the superficial mucosa.
a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract.
trauma from passing hard stools.
daily use of laxatives.
a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract.
An anorectal fistula is caused by a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract. Fissures are tears that occur in the superficial mucosa and often result from trauma (e.g., passing a large, hard stool) or fro
A patient is taking iron supplements. The patient should expect the stools to be:
clay-colored.
nontarry and black.
tarry and black.
frothy.
nontarry and black.
Iron medication supplements cause stools to be nontarry and black. Clay-colored stools are caused by the absence of bile pigment. Melena is the term to describe tarry, black stools; this indicates the presence of blood in the stool. Fr
The etiology of a pilonidal cyst is:
a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract.
a tear in the superficial mucosa.
a congenital disorder.
trauma or irritant diarrheal stools.
a congenital disorder.
A pilonidal cyst is a congenital disorder that is first diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 30 years. An anorectal fistula is caused by a chronically inflamed gastrointestinal tract. Fissures are tears that occur in the superficial
Toilet training (for bowel movements) in children:
should start after 4 years of age.
may begin when the nerves in the rectal area are fully myelinated.
can be successful as early as 12 months of age.
should begin after the gastrocolic reflex disappears.
may begin when the nerves in the rectal area are fully myelinated.
Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter cannot occur until the nerves supplying the area have become fully myelinated, usually around 1? to 2 years of age. Toilet training usually
Which of the following documentation statements indicates a normal assessment of the perianal area?
"Anus moist, color darker than adjacent tissues. No lesions or discharge. Opening tightly closed."
"Anal area dark pink, moist, with 0.5-cm shiny blue skin
Anus moist, color darker than adjacent tissues. No lesions or discharge. Opening tightly closed."
Normal findings during inspection of the perianal area include anus moist and hairless, with coarse folded skin that is more pigmented than the perianal ski
On palpation the prostate gland is enlarged, nontender, firm, and smooth with a palpable central groove. This assessment finding indicates:
benign prostatic hypertrophy.
prostatitis.
prostate carcinoma.
a normal prostate gland.
benign prostatic hypertrophy.
In benign prostatic hypertrophy, the prostate gland is enlarged, nontender, firm, and smooth with a palpable central groove. In prostatitis, the prostate gland is swollen and exquisitely tender. In prostatic carcinoma, the pr
A deep recess formed by the peritoneum between the rectum and the cervix is called:
the Chadwick sign.
a cystocele.
a rectocele.
a rectouterine pouch.
a rectouterine pouch.
The rectouterine pouch (or cul-de-sac of Douglas) is the deep recess between the rectum and the cervix. The cervical mucosa during the second month of pregnancy is blue, which is termed the Chadwick sign. The cervix may also turn blu
The most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States is:
gonorrhea.
syphilis.
chlamydia.
trichomoniasis.
chlamydia.
Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States.
Vaginal lubrication during intercourse is produced by:
Skene glands.
Bartholin glands.
sebaceous glands.
adrenal glands.
Bartholin glands.
The vestibular (Bartholin) glands secrete a clear lubricating mucus during intercourse. Paraurethral (Skene) glands are tiny, multiple glands that surround the urethral meatus. Sebaceous glands are microscopic glands in the skin that sec
Decreased estrogen levels during menopause cause:
an enlargement of the uterus.
pelvic muscles and ligaments to tighten.
the ovaries to atrophy.
the cervix to enlarge and turn blue.
the ovaries to atrophy.
Decreased estrogen levels during menopause cause atrophy of the ovaries. Decreased estrogen levels during menopause cause the uterus to shrink related to a decrease in the myometrium. Decreased estrogen levels during menopause caus
Adnexa is (are):
an absence of menstruation.
uterine accessory organs.
a membranous fold of tissue partly closing the vaginal orifice.
painful intercourse.
uterine accessory organs.
The adnexa of uterus (or uterine appendages) refers to the structures most closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus; these structures include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments. Amenorrhea is the absen
Dysmenorrhea is:
painful intercourse.
pain with defecation.
pain with urination.
pain associated with menstruation.
pain associated with menstruation.
Dysmenorrhea is the abdominal cramping and pain associated with menstruation. Dyspareunia is the term to describe painful intercourse. Dyschezia is pain with bowel movements. Dysuria describes pain or burning with urinat
A caruncle is a(n):
vestibular gland located on either side of the vaginal orifice.
small, red mass protruding from the urethral meatus.
aberrant growth of endometrial tissue.
hard, painless nodule in the uterine wall.
small, red mass protruding from the urethral meatus.
A caruncle is a small, deep red mass protruding from the urinary meatus. Bartholin glands are vestibular glands located on either side of and posterior to the vaginal orifice. Endometriosis is a disorde
Cessation of menses is known as:
menarche.
menopause.
salpingitis.
adnexa.
menopause.
Menopause is the cessation of menses. Menarche is the age of the first period. Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tube. The adnexa of uterus (or uterine appendages) refers to the structures most closely related structurally and functi
Hematuria is a term used for:
bloody discharge.
blood in the urine.
bleeding after intercourse.
urine in the blood.
blood in the urine.
Hematuria is the term used to describe blood in the urine.
The first sign of puberty in girls is:
the first menstrual cycle (menarche).
axillary hair development.
rapid increase in height.
breast and pubic hair development.
The first signs of puberty are breast and pubic hair development, beginning between 8? and 13 years of age. These signs usually occur together, but it is not abnormal if they do not develop together. This development takes about 3 years to complete. Menar