Entamoeba histolytica
Entering the historical dig"
TRANSMISSION/LIFE CYCLE
-2 main life-cycle stage
1. Cyst form = infectious when ingested in contam. water. Also associated with men who have sex with men - anal oral -transmission.
2. Trophozoites - invade the colon and sprea
Cestodes
Cestode county Carnival"
TENIA SOLIUM AND SAGINATUM
-TENIASIS - cause by eating cysts in undercooked meats(asymptomatic but maybe GI problems.
-(Saginattum --> cow) (solium --> pig)
-T solium has hooks on proglottid heads that can be seen on O&P
-Another
Giardia Lamblia
Giardia Jungle Ride"
-Common amongst traveler's and camper who drink unpurified water in an endemic area.
-Water contains animal poop that has CYSTS (fecal-oral transmission)
-Causes bloating, flatulence and foul-smelling diarrhea
-STEATORRHEA - fatty di
2 classifications of parasites
1. Protozoa
-Trophozoite = motile feeding, reproducing form
-Cyst = immotile, nonreproducing form, thick wall
-Cyst survives in environment and is involved in transmission
-Some protozoa (leishmania and trynpanosoma) have flagellated forms called promasti
Protozoa that cause GI infection
1. Entamoeba histolytica
2. Giardia lamblia
3. Cryptosporidium parvum
4. Cyclospora cayetanesis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Tales from the cryp
-Severe WATERY diarrhea in AIDS patients (mild diarrhea in regular peeps)
-Oocyte released in feces and transmitted fecal-orally
-Stains acid-fast (fushia)
-Cysts = infection
-Cyst is composed of 4 motile sporozoites
-Sporozoites attac
Cyclospora cayetanensis
-NO VIDEO
-Transmission via water and fresh produce
-Tropical areas
-severe WATERY DIARRHEA due to inflammatory damage
-untreated --> lasts 10-12 weeks
DIAGNOSIS
-oocytes in stool. To confirm examine oocytes over 2-3 week period for evidence of sporulation
Treatmen
Trichomonas vaginalis
Tricks for money"
-Causes vaginitis and cervicitis (STRAWBERRY CERVIX - erethymatous and punctate hemorrhages)
-malodorous yellow-green discharge
-Itching and burning
-STI
-Exists only as a trophozoite - no cyst form
Diagnosis
-WET MOUNT - shows MOTILE t
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania braziliensis
Desert Mainia"
Donovani - visceral leishmaniasis
Brazilienses - cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
-Mainly in Mediterranean, middle east and africa
BRAZILIENSES
-vertebrates are the host (humans) - carries AMASTAGOTE - intracellular form seen insid
Plasmodium malariae, vivax, ovale, falciparum
The queens and warlords of plasmodium"
-Common in African wilderness
-Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly,
-Blood stain and Giemsa stain to see parasites in RBCs
MALARIAE
-Quartan fever cycle (72 hours)
VIVAX and OVALE
-Produce dormant forms in liver c
Toxoplasma gondii
OH hi, iz makin sum toxo"
-Pregnant women and immunocompromised = people at risk
-In immunocompromised it causes brain lesions seen as RING ENHANCING lesions on CT or MRI
-Can cause toxoplasma encephalitis
-Brain biopsy is used to differentiate b/t CNS l
Trypanosoma cruzi
Cruzin' through Che's gas"
-Common in central and south america
-Causes Chaga's disease
-Vector bites victim and deposits infected species into wound - patient scratches it in
-Transmitted by kissing bug b/c it generally bites around victims mouth (reduv
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodiesiense
Prince Bruce to the Rescue"
-Caused by PAINFUL bite of tsetse fly
-Common in Africa.
-Causes "sleeping sickness"
Symptoms
-Coma
-Cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy
-recurrent fever
-Trypomastigotes seen on blood smear.
-Parasite has variable surface g
Babesia
Vampire Babes"
-Generally asymptomatic but severe infections can cause malaria like symptoms
-Causes blood-related symptoms
-Hemolytic anemia
-Jaundice
-Fever - irregular cycling
-Higher risk of severe disease in sickle cell disease and in asplenia
-Spre
Naegleria Fowleri
+Acanthamoeba castellanii
Naegleria Falls"
-Associated with freshwater
-Trophozoite enters CNS Via cribiform plate
-Causes menigoencephalitis
-It is an amoeba
-Disease is rapidly fatal
-Associated with water-sports
-Has been associated with nasal irrigation systems and contact le
1. Balantidium coli
2. Microsporidia
NO VIDEOS
1. Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease--> causes diarrhea
2. Obligate intracellular spor formation. POLAR TUBE. Watery diarrhea in AIDS pateints. Can also cause CNS, GU and eye problems
-Treat withalbendazole.
Nematodes
Super worms
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS (AKA pinworm)
-Female worms lay eggs at the anus
-Transmitted via fecal-oral route (itchy so people scratch and then put fingers in mouth)
-Generally affects kids
-Scotch tape test - see eggs under microscope
Treatment:
Tissue nematodes
Screamatodes III: Return of the flesh eaters
DRACUNCULUS MEDINESIS
-Get it by drinking contaminated water containing copepods which have larvae (copepods = intermediate host)
-Skin ulcer with an adult female ulcer coming out
-Twitch worm around matchstick
Trematodes (AKA Flukes)
San Franschisto Ocean Park
SCHISTOSOMA
-Swimmers are at risk
-Humans pee/poop in water --> snails become intermediate host --> adults mature in liver --> migrate to other parts of the body depending on the type of schisto that they are.
-They migrate agai