1.1 Gallia est omnis d?v?sa in part?s tr?s, qu?rum ?nam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aqu?t?n?, tertiam qu? ips?rum lingu? Celtae, nostr? Gall? appellantur.
All of Gaul is divided into three parts: one of which the Belgae inhabit, another the Aquitani, the third inhabit those who in their own language are called the Celts are called Gauls in ours.
1.2. H? omn?s lingu?, ?nstit?t?s, legibus inter s? differunt. Gall?s ab Aqu?t?n?s Garumna fl?men, ? Belg?s Matrona et S?quana d?vidit.
They all differ in language, customs and laws from each other. The river Garumna divides the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Matrona and the Seine separate them from the Belgae.
1.3. H?rum omnium fortissim? sunt Belgae, proptere? quod ? cult? atque h?m?nit?te Pr?vinciae longissim? absunt, minim?que ad e?s merc?t?r?s saepe commeant atque ea quae ad eff?minand?s anim?s pertinent important,
Of all [these Gauls], the bravest are the Belgae, because they are the farthest from civilization and elegance of the Province, and merchants visit them the least and do not import things that weaken the courage;
1.4. Proxim?que sunt Germ?n?s, qu? tr?ns Rh?num incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Qu? de caus? Helveti? quoque reliqu?s Gall?s virt?te praecedunt, quod fer? cot?di?n?s proeli?s cum Germ?n?s contendunt, cum aut su?s finibus e?s prohibent aut i
And they are closest to Germans, who inhabit over the Rhine, and with whom they are continually waging war; for this reason the Helvetii also precede the rest of the Gauls in bravery, because they contend with Germans in almost daily battles, either forbi
1.5. E?rum ?na pars, quam Gall?s obtin?re dictum est, initium capit ? fl?mine Rhodan?, contin?tur Garumn? fl?mine, ?cean?, f?nibus Belg?rum, c etiam ab S?quanis et Helv?ti?s fl?men Rh?num, vergit ad septentri?n?s.
One part of these, which it is said that the Gauls occupy, takes its beginning at the Rhone river and is bounded by the Garumna, the ocean, and the borders of the Belgae; it touches the Rhine from the Sequani and the Helvetii, and leads north.
1.6. Belgae ab extr?m?s Galliae f?nibus oriuntur, pertinent ad inferi?rem partem fl?minis Rh?n?, spectant in septentri?nem et orientem s?lem.
The Belgae rise from the farthest borders of Gaul, extend to the lower part of the Rhine; and look northward and to the rising sun.
1.7. Aquitania ? Garumn? fl?mine ad Pyrenae?s mont?s et eam partem ?cean? quae est ad Hisp?niam pertinet; spectat inter occ?sum s?lis et septentri?n?s.
Aquitania extends from the Garumna to the Pyrenaean mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Spain: it looks between the setting sun, and the north.
2.1 Apud Helv?ti?s long? n?bilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetor?x. Is, M. Mess?l?, et M. P?s?ne c?nsulibus, regn? cupidit?te inductus coni?r?ti?nem n?bilit?tis f?cit et civit?t? persu?sit ut d? f?nibus su?s cum omnibus copi?s ex?rent:
Among the Helvetii, Orgetorix was by far the most noble and wealthy. He, when M. Messala and M. Piso were consuls, influenced by the desire for a kingdom, created a conspiracy among the nobility, and persuaded the state to exit their borders with all thei
2.2. perfacile esse, cum virt?te omnibus praest?rent, t?t?us Galliae imperi? pot?r?.
[Orgetorix persuaded them that] It would be easy, since they preceded all in valor, to acquire the authority of all of Gaul.
2.3. Id h?c facilius e?s persu?sit, quod und?que loc? nat?r? Helveti? continentur: ?n? ex parte fl?mine Rh?no l?tissim? atque altissim?, qu? agrum Helv?tium ? Germ?n?s div?dit; alter? ex parte monte I?r? altissim?, qu? est inter S?quan?s et Helv?ti?s; ter
He easily persuaded them because the Helvetii are confined on all sides by the nature of their location: on one part by the Rhine river, the broadest and deepest river, which separates the land of Helveti from the Germans; on another side by Mt. Jura, the
2.4. H?s r?bus fi?bat ut et minus l?t? vag?rentur et minus facile f?nitim?s bellum ?nferre possent;
For these reasons it happened that they could range less widely and could less easily war with their neighbors;
2.5. Qu? ex parte homin?s belland? cupid? magn? dol?re affici?bantur.
For this reason, men desirous of war were affected by great sorrow.
2.6. Pr? multit?dine autem hominum et pr? gl?ri? bell? atque fortit?dinis angust?s s? f?n?s hab?re arbitr?bantur, qu? in longit?dinem m?lia passuum CCXL, in l?tit?dinem CLXXX pat?bant.
For their multitude and the glory of war and bravery, they had [too] narrow borders, which extended longitudinally 240 miles and 180 miles latitudinally.
3.1 H?s r?bus adduct? et auct?rit?te Orgetor?gis perm?t? c?nstitu?runt ea quae ad profic?scendum pertin?rent compar?re, iument?rum et carr?rum quam maximum numerum coemere, sement?s quam maxim?s facere, ut in itinere c?pia frument? suppeteret, cum proxim?
Induced by these events and the authority of Orgetorix, they determined to prepare such things which pertained to setting out, as great a number of beasts and carts, sowings as large as possible, so that the store of fruit would suffice along the way, to
3.2. Ad e?s r?s c?nficiend?s biennium sibi satis esse d?x?runt; in tertium annum profecti?nem l?ge c?nfirmant.
They considered that two years would be sufficient for them to complete these things; they confirm by law their departure in the third year.
3.3 Ad e?s r?s conficiend?s Orgetor?x d?ligitur. Is sibi l?g?ti?nem ad c?vit?t?s susc?pit. In e? itinere persu?det Castic?, Catamantaloedis f?li?, S?quan?, cuius pater r?gnum in S?quan?s mult?s ann?s obtinuerat et ? sen?t? popul? R?m?n? amicus appell?tus
Orgetorix is delegated to complete these things. He took on himself "ambassador to the cities." On this journey he persuades Casticus, son of Catamantaloedes, a Sequani whose father had obtained the rule over the Sequani for many years and had been named
3.4. itemque Dumnorig? Haedu?, fratr? D?vici?c?, qu? e? tempore princip?tum in c?vit?te obtin?bat ac maxim? pleb? acceptus erat, ut idem c?n?r?tur persu?det e?que f?liam suam in matrim?nium dat.
Likewise, [Orgetorix persuades] Dumnorix the Haduan, the brother of Diviticus, who at the time held the principal authority in the state and was very loved by the plebians, to attempt the same, and he gave his own daughter in marriage to this man.
3.5. Perfacile fact? esse ill?s probat c?n?ta perficere, proptere? quod ipse suae civit?tis imperium obtent?rus esset:
He proves to them that to finish their undertakings was very easy to, because he himself would obtain control of his own city.
3.6. n?n esse d?bium quin t?t?us Galliae pl?rimum Helveti? possent; s? su?s copi?s su?que exercit? ill?s regna concili?t?rum c?nfirmat.
[he said that] There was no doubt that the Helvetii were the most powerful of all of Gaul; he confirmed that with his own army and resources he would establish power.
3.7. H?c ?r?ti?ne adduct? inter s? f?dem et iusi?randum dant et regn? occup?t? per tr?s potentissim?s ac firmissim?s popul?s t?t?us Galliae s?s? pot?r? posse sperant.
Swayed by this speech, they gave oath and faith between themselves, and hope that, when the sovereignty has been seized, by the three most powerful peoples they can possess the entirety of Gaul.
4.1 Ea r?s est Helv?ti?s per indicium ?n?nti?ta. M?ribus su?s Orgetor?gem ex vincul?s causam d?cere co?g?runt; damn?tum poenam sequ? oport?bat, ut ign? crem?r?tur.
When this scheme was told to the Helvetii by informers, as was custom they compelled Orgetorix to plead his cause in chains; if he is condemned, it was necessary that he undergo the punishment that he would be cremated[alive].
4.2. Di? c?nstit ?t? causae dicti?nis Orgetor?x ad iudicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum m?lia decem, und?que co?git, et omn?s client?s obaerat?sque su?s, qu?rum magnum numerum hab?bat, e?dem cond?xit; per e?s n? causam d?ceret s? ?ripuit.
On the appointed day consistent for the pleading of his case, Orgetorix gathered to the trial all his own family, about 10,000 men, from all directions, and his dependents and debtor-bondsmen to the same place, of whom he had a great number; so that throu
4.3. Cum c?vit?s ob eam rem incit?ta armis i?s suum exsequ? c?n?r?tur multit?dinemque hominum ex agr?s magistr?t?s c?gerent, Orgetor?x mortuus est;
When the state, incited to take up weapons on account of this matter, attempted to carry out its justice and the magistrates mustered a multitude of men from the country, Orgetorix died;
4.4. neque abest suspici?, ut Helveti? arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem consc?verit.
nor was the suspicion wanting , as the Helvetii think, that he committed suicide.
5.1 Post eius mortem nihil? minus Helv?ti? id quod c?nstituerant facere c?nantur, ut ? f?nibus su?s exeant.
After his death, nevertheless the Helvetii attempted to do what they had decided which was to exit their territories.
5.2. Ubi iam s? ad eam rem par?t?s esse arbitr?t? sunt, oppida sua omnia, numer? ad duodecim, v?c?s ad quadringent?s, reliqua pr?v?ta aedificia incendunt;
When they thought that they had been prepared for this, they burnt all their towns, in number about twelve - and their villages about four hundred, and the private buildings remaining;
5.3. fr?mentum omne, praeter quod s?cum port?t?r? erant, comb?runt, ut domum red?ti?nis sp? subl?t? par?ti?r?s ad omnia per?cula subeunda essent; trium mensum mol?ta cib?ria sibi quemque dom? efferre iubent. Persu?dent Raurac?s et Tuling?s et Latobr?g?s f
they burned up all of their corn, except what they would carry, to that hope of returning home having been taken away, they would be more ready for dangers. They order each and every one to carry three months' rations from his house. They persuaded the Ra
6.1 Erant omn?n? itinera duo, quibus itineribus dom? ex?re possent: ?num per S?quan?s, angustum et difficile, inter montem I?ram et fl?men Rhodanum, vix qu? singul? carr? d?cerentur, m?ns autem altissimus impend?bat, ut facile perpauc? prohib?re possent;
There were in all two routes, by which [routes] they could go forth from home: one [route] through the Sequani, narrow and difficult, between Mountain Jura and the river Rhone, by which only one wagon at a time could hardly be led; also, a very high mount
6.2. alterum per provinciam nostram, mult? facilius atque exped?tius, proptere? quod inter f?n?s Helv?ti?rum et Allobrogum, qu? n?per p?c?t? erant, Rhodanus fluit isque n?nn?llis loc?s vad? tr?ns?tur.
The other [road] (through our province), [is] much easier and more expedient, because the Rhone River flows between the boundaries of the Helvetii and the Allobroges, who lately had been pacified; the flowing Rhone is in some places crossed by a ford.
6.3. Extr?mum oppidum Allobrogum est proximumque Helv?ti?rum f?nibus Genava. Ex e? oppid? p?ns ad Helv?ti?s pertinet. Allobrogibus s?s? vel persu?s?r?s, quod n?ndum bon? anim? in populum R?m?num vid?rentur, existim?bant vel v? coact?r?s ut per su?s f?n?s
Geneva is the furthest town of the Allobroges, and is the closest to the borders of the Helvetii. From this town, a bridge pertains/extends to the Helvetii. They thought Either that they would persuade the Allobroges, who did not yet seem well-intentioned
7.1 Caesar? cum id n?nti?tum esset, e?s per pr?vinciam nostram iter facere c?n?r?, m?t?rat ab urbe profic?sc? et quam maxim?s potest itineribus in Galliam ulteri?rem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.
When it was announced to Caesar that they were attempting to make their journey through our Province, he hastens to depart from the city (Rome) and he hastens with the greatest marches as it is possible into Further/Transalpine Gaul and arrives at Geneva.
7.2. Pr?vinciae t?t? quam maximum potest m?litum numerum imperat (erat omn?n? in Galli? ulteri?re legi? ?na), pontem, qu? erat ad Genavam, iubet rescind?.
He ordered as great a number of soldiers as possible from the entire province, (there is only one legion in all of Further Gaul), [and] he orders the bridge, the one that is near Geneva, to be destroyed.
7.3. Ubi d? eius advent? Helv?ti? certi?r?s fact? sunt, leg?t?s ad eum mittunt nobil?ssim?s civit?tis, cuius leg?ti?nis Nammeius et Verucloetius principem locum obtin?bant, qu? d?cerent sibi esse in anim? sine ?ll? malefici? iter per pr?vinciam facere, pr
Where the Helvetii were made more certain (were informed) of his arrival, they sent to him ambassadors, the noblest men of their state, of which embassy Nammeius and Verucloetius held the principal place, who would say that [they] had in mind to make this
7.4. neque h?min?s inim?c? anim?, dat? facult?te per provinciam itineris faciend?, temper?t?r?s ab ini?ri? et malefici? existim?bat.
Nor did he think that the people of hostile intent, an opportunity of making their journey through the province having been granted, would refrain from injury and crime.
7.5. Tamen, ut spatium interc?dere posset dum m?lit?s qu?s imper?verat conven?rent, l?g?t?s respondit diem se ad d?l?berandum s?mpt?rum: s? quid vellent, ad Id. April. reverterentur.
But in order that time would pass while the soldiers that he had ordered could arrive, he responded to the ambassadors that he would take a day for deliberating, if they should wish, they should return near the Ides of April.