Ethic for the Computer AGe Chapter 2

1. Define in your own words what "the ethical point of view" means.

This respecting one's own goals and aspirations, but taking others' goals and aspirations into consideration also.

2. Define morality and ethics in your own words.

Morality refers to the guidelines that you can usee to determine what you ought to do in a partiuclar situation and helps you to figure out of a decision or cation is right or wrong. Ethics is the philosophical study of morality.

3. What is the difference between morality and ethics?

Morality is actually practical in terms of actually solving problems. Whereas ethics is broad and is about evaluating moral systems and develops new ways to approach moral problems.

4. What is the difference between relativism and objectivism?

Relativism is the view that " the good" exists inside the human mind. Our role as humans is to invent "the good". Since the good is invented, its definition is malleable. Objectivism is the view that "the good" exists outside the human mind. Our role as h

5. What are the advantages of using an ethical theory in which all humans are treated equally and guidelines are developed through a process of logical reasoning?

This ethical theory makes it more likely that you can craft an ethical argument that will be convincing to a diverse audience.

6. Two people are debating the morality of a particular action. Person A explains why he
believes the action is wrong. Person B disagrees with Person A. Her response to him is,
"That's your opinion." Person B has not made a strong ethical argument.Why not

Person B has not brought up any facts or values that would undermine or contradict the explanation of Person A.

7. What do we mean when we say an ethical theory is rational?

We mean that it relies upon logical reasoning from facts or commonly held values.

8. What is the many/any fallacy? Invent your own example of this fallacy.

Any obtioon is acceptable after observing that many options are acceptable..So its like if I ive traveled to many country and said they were all beautiful that does not mean any country one travels to will be beauutiful.

9. What is the equivalence fallacy? Invent your own example of this fallacy.

This is confusing equality with similarity. This is relative to the divine comman dtheory when we say God is good. it would be a fallacy to say God and good are identical.

10. Come up with your own example of a moral rule that would violate the Categorical Imperative.

If i were to say that sometimes i leave home a littl elate but i would still like to get to work on time. I want to run through red lights on those days that i' runningm late. If this were universalized traffic signals would have no meaning and the street

11. What is plagiarism? Describe four different ways that a person can commit plagiarism.

Plagiarism is the use of someone elses words or ideas without giving that person credit. Five ways of commiting it includes: copying ones words..paraphriasing ones words, incorporating someone else's figures or drawings, referencing facts that are not com

12. What is the difference between plagiarism and misuse of sources?

Plagiarism refers to deliberately concealing the fact that you have used someone else's work or ideas. if the action is not intentional it should be called misuse of sources

13. What is the difference between a consequentialist theory and a non-consequentialist theory?

A consequentialist theory determines whether something is right or wrong based on its consequences. Utilitarianism is a consequentialists theory. A anon-consequentialist theory determines an action as right or wrong based on the principle motivating the a

14. Give three examples of a situation in which your action would be primarily motivated would be primarily motivated by its expected consequences.

i do homework in class only for a letter of recommendation not because i care about the material.
i go to school just to get a good job
i dont steal because i know my parents would punish me...not because i care about whtas right.
i say the national anthe

15. What is the problem of moral luck?

Moral luck is a problem associated with act utilitarianism. According to act utilitarianism, the moral worth of an action depends solely on its consequences. if consequences are out of control of the moral agent, an action that should have had a good effe

16. Why do businesses and governments often use utilitarian thinking to determine the proper course of action?

Businesses and governments often use utilitarian thinking to determine the proper course of action because it allows all the consequences of a decision to be boiled down to dollars and cents ( or some other quantifiable unit)

17. What is the difference principle?

The difference principle states that social and economic inequalities must be justified and the only way to justify a social or economic inequality is to show that its overall effect is to provide the most benefit to the least advantaged. For example if s

18. Is social contract theory as first presented a consequentialist theory or a non-consequentialist theory? Is social contract theory as articulated in Rawls's two principles of justice a consequentialist theory or a non-consequentialist theory?

Social contract theory is a non-consequentialist theory. Social contract theory as articulated in RAWLS's two principles of justice is a non-consequentialist theory.

19. Describe similarities and differences between subjective relativism and ethical egoism.

Subjective releativism and ethical egoism are similar in the sense that both theories alllow an individual to put himself or herself first in determining the right action to take in a particular situation. However, there is a crucial difference between th

20. Describe similarities and differences between divine command theory and Kantianism.

Both divine command theory and Kantainism are objective, holding that right and wrong can be expressed in rules that are true for all people at times in history. Divine command theory identifies the good with the will of God, and holds the wiill of God is

21. Describe similarities and differences between subjective relativism and act utilitarianism.

Both subjective relaTIVISM AND ACT UTILITARIANISM WOULD ALLOW AN INDIVIDUAL TO EVALUate a situation to determine whether a particular action is right or wrong. However, subjective relativism allows a person to use any means to decide the right or wrong. A

22. Describe similarities and differences between Kantianism and rule utilitarianism.

Both Kantianism and utilitarianism are objective. According to both theories, right actions are those that are in line with universal moral rules. However, the two theories derive the rules in different ways. Kantianism determines wheether a proposed mora

23. Describe similarities and differences between act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism.

Both utilitarianisms are consequentialist theories. However, act utilitarianism considers the consequences that would result from an action taken in one particular situation. Rule utilitarianism considers the consequences that would result if everyone alw

24. Describe similarities and differences between cultural relativism and social contract theory.

Both theories focus on the notion of society, but they are quite different. For one thing cultural relativism is an example of relativism, while social contract theory is an example of objectivism. Cultural relativism says each society must determine for

25. Describe similarities and differences between Kantianism and social contract theory.

Both Kantianism and Social contract theory are objective rule based theories. In kantianism, proposed rules are derived by seeing if they can meet the requirements of the Categorical Imperative. In social contract theory, propsed rules are derived by seei

26. Evaluate the four scenarios presented in Section 2.1 from a Kantian perspective.

Alexis did wrong when she made use of a students login and password to gaiin access to the library's computers and printers. Alexis treated the student as a means to her getting end of getting access to the private college's computers.
The anti-spam organ

27. Evaluate the four scenarios presented in Section 2.1 from an act utilitarian perspective.

The ebenfits were great. The harms were small. Heer action was morally acceptable.
Milliosn of people are getting much less spam. The benefit to each of these persons is small but meaningful. tens of thoussands of citizens of the East Asian country cannot

28. Evaluate the four scenarios presented in Section 2.1 from a rule utilitarian perspective.

...

Evaluate the four scenarios presented in Section 2.1 from the perspective of social contract
theory.

Alexis violated the property rights of the private college when she used its computers
without permission. Her action was wrong.
The residents of the East Asian country had a reasonable expectation that their email
would be delivered. By blacklisting the