computer system
A computer system is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.
Hardware
Hardware is the collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.
Software
Software consists of the programs that tell the computer what to do.
Programs
Programs are sets of instructions for a computer
Programming
Programming is the act of developing and writing programs.
Application software
Application software comprises all the programs you apply to a task.
System software
System software comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer.
Input
Input describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice.
Data items
Data items include all the text, numbers, and other information processed by a computer.
Processing
Processing data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them.
Central Processing Unit
The central processing unit, or CPU, is the hardware component that processes data.
Output
Output describes the operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device, such as a monitor or printer, so people can view, interpret, and work with the results.
Information
Information is processed data.
Storage Devices
Storage devices are types of hardware equipment, such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval.
Programming Languages
Programming languages, such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, Java, or COBOL, are used to write programs.
Program Code
Program code is the set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
Coding
Coding the program is the act of writing programming language instructions.
Sytax
The syntax of a language is its grammar rules.
Syntax Error
A syntax error is an error in language or grammar.
Computer Memory
Computer memory is the temporary, internal storage within a computer.
Random Access Memory
Random access memory (RAM) is temporary, internal computer storage.
Volatile
Volatile describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
Nonvolatile
Nonvolatile describes storage whose contents are retained when power is lost.
Machine Language
Machine language is a computer's on/off circuitry language.
Source Code
Source code is the statements a programmer writes in a programming language.
Object Code
Object code is translated machine language.
Compiler/Interpreter
A compiler or interpreter translates a high-level language into machine language and indicates if you have used a programming language incorrectly.
Binary Language
Binary language is represented using a series of 0s and 1s.
Run/Execute
To run or execute a program is to carry out its instructions.
Scripting
Scripting languages (also called scripting programming languages or script languages) such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP are used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. Scripting languages are stored as text rather than as binary execu
Logical Error
A logical error occurs when incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.
Logic
You develop the logic of the computer program when you give instructions to the computer in a specific sequence, without omitting any instructions or adding extraneous instructions.
Variable
A variable is a named memory location whose value can vary.
Program Development Cycle
The program development cycle consists of the steps that occur during a program's lifetime.
Users
Users (or end users) are people who employ and benefit from computer programs.
Documentation
Documentation consists of all the supporting paperwork for a program.
Algorithm
An algorithm is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
IPO Chart
An IPO chart is a program development tool that delineates input, processing, and output tasks.
TOE Chart
A TOE chart is a program development tool that lists tasks, objects, and events.
Desk Checking
Desk-checking is the process of walking through a program solution on paper.
High Level Programming Language
A high-level programming language supports English-like syntax.
Low Level Machine Language
A low-level machine language is made up of 1s and 0s and does not use easily interpreted variable names.
Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and correcting program errors.
Conversion
Conversion is the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
Maintenance
Maintenance consists of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.
Pseudocode
Pseudocode is an English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
Flowchart
A flowchart is a pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
Input Symbol
An input symbol indicates an input operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
Processing Symbol
A processing symbol indicates a processing operation and is represented by a rectangle in flowcharts.
Output Symbol
An output symbol indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
Input/Output or I/O Symbol
An input/output symbol or I/O symbol is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
Flowlines
Flowlines, or arrows, connect the steps in a flowchart.
Terminal Symbol
A terminal symbol indicates the beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a lozenge
Loop
A loop is a repetition of a series of steps.
Infinite Loop
An infinite loop occurs when repeating logic cannot end.
Making a Decision
Making a decision is the act of testing a value.
Decision Symbol
A decision symbol is shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in flowcharts.
Dummy Value
A dummy value is a preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
Sentinel Value
A sentinel value is a preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
EOF
The term eof means end of file.
Text Editor
A text editor is a program that you use to create simple text files; it is similar to a word processor, but without as many features.
Integrated Development Environment(IDE)
An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.
Microsoft Visual Studio IDE
Microsoft Visual Studio IDE is a software package that contains useful tools for creating programs in Visual Basic, C++, and C#.
Command Line
A command line is a location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computer's operating system.
Graphic User Interface(GUI)
A graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey), allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.
Procedural Programming
Procedural programming is a programming model that focuses on the procedures that programmers create.
Object Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming is a programming model that focuses on objects, or "things," and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors.
Computer programs also are known as
a. hardware
(b.) software
c. data
d. information
The major computer operations include
a. hardware and software
(b.) input, processing, and output
c. sequence and looping
d. spreadsheets, word processing, and data communications
Visual Basic, C++, and Java are all examples of computer
a. operating systems
b. hardware
c. machine languages
(d.) programming languages
A programming language's rules are its
(a.) syntax
b. logic
c. format
d. options
The most important task of a compiler or interpreter is to
a. create the rules for a programming language
b. translate English statements into a language such as Java
(c.) translate programming language statements into machine language
d. execute machine language programs to perform useful tasks
Which of the following is temporary, internal storage?
a. CPU
b. hard disk
c. keyboard
(d.) memory
Which of the following pairs of steps in the programming process is in the correct order?
a. code the program, plan the logic
b. test the program, translate it into machine language
c. put the program into production, understand the problem
(d.) code the program, translate it into machine language
A programmer's most important task before planning the logic of a program is to .
a. decide which programming language to use
b. code the problem
c. train the users of the program
(d.) understand the problem
The two most commonly used tools for planning a program's logic are
(a.) flowcharts and pseudocode
b. ASCII and EBCDIC
c. Java and Visual Basic
d. word processors and spreadsheets
Writing a program in a language such as C++ or Java is known as the program
a. translating
(b.) coding
c. interpreting
d. compiling
An English-like programming language such as Java or Visual Basic is a programming language.
a. machine-level
b. low-level
(c.) high-level
d. binary-level
Which of the following is an example of a syntax error?
a. producing output before accepting input
b. subtracting when you meant to add
(c.) misspelling a programming language word
d. all of the above
Which of the following is an example of a logical error?
a. performing arithmetic with a value before inputting it
b. accepting two input values when a program requires only one
c. dividing by 3 when you meant to divide by 30
(d.) all of the above
The parallelogram is the flowchart symbol representing .
a. input
b. output
(c.) both a and b
d. none of the above
In a flowchart, a rectangle represents
a. input
b. a sentinel
c. a question
(d.) processing
In flowcharts, the decision symbol is a
a. parallelogram
b. rectangle
c. lozenge
(d.) diamond
The term eof represents
a. a standard input device
(b.) a generic sentinel value
c. a condition in which no more memory is available for storage
d. the logical flow in a program
When you use an IDE instead of a simple text editor to develop a program,
a. the logic is more complicated
b. the logic is simpler
c. the syntax is different
(d.) some help is provided
When you write a program that will run in a GUI environment as opposed to a command-line environment,
(a.) the logic is very different
b. some syntax is different
c. you do not need to plan the logic
d. users are more confused
As compared to procedural programming, with object-oriented programming,
(a.) the programmer's focus differs
b. you cannot use some languages, such as Java
c. you do not accept input
d. you do not code calculations; they are created automatically