Affect
broad range of feelings that people experience. can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods
emotions
- caused by a specific event
- very brief in duration (seconds or minutes)
- usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions
-action-oriented in nature
moods
-cause is often general and unclear
- lasts longer than emotions
- more general (negative, positive)
-not indicated by distinct expressions
-cognitive in nature
6 essentially universal emotions
- anger
-fear
-sadness
-happiness
-surprise
-disgust
moral emotions
emotions that have moral implications because of our instant judgement of the situation that evokes them.
- Our responses to moral emotions differ from our responses to other emotions.
- Moral emotions are learned, usually in childhood.
- Because morality
two things that affect decision making
thinking and feeling
moral emotion examples
Sympathy for the suffering of others
- guilt about our own behavior
- anger about injustice
horn effect
attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike
Personality
moods and emotions have a trait component
affect intensity
how strongly people experience their emotions
time of day
there is a common pattern for all of us
- happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period
day of the week
happier toward the end of the work week
weather
illusory correlation- no effect
stress
even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods
social activities
Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods
Sleep
Poor sleep quality increases negative affect.
Exercise
Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed people.
Age
Older people experience fewer negative emotions.
Sex
Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel emotions more intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and express emotions more frequently than men.
Emotional labor
an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
types of emotions
felt and displayed
felt emotions
the individuals actual emotions
displayed emotions
required or appropriate emotions
= SURFACE ACTING : hiding one's inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
= DEEP ACTING: trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules.
Affective events theory (AET):
employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work and this influences job performance and satisfaction
= Work events trigger positive or negative emotional reactions to which employees' personalities and moods predispose them to respond wi