task oriented group
- focus on the process of producing something as a group
- feedback is immediate
activity groups
focus on function and "replicate living in the community or family" with an emphasis on direct experience and the use of activity to develop skills
directive leadership
- low cognitive abilities
- therapist provides more direction and structure for group actiivty
faciliatative leadership
- fair to good insight and motication
- therapist allows participants to take responsibility for some group activity while maintaining control over goals and decision making
advisory leadership
- group can work together collectively/high cognition (mature group)
- therapist works alongside the group in a coaching capacity
forming stage
participants become acquainted with one another and familiarize themselves with the task
storming stage
participants challenge one another and the leader
norming stage
participants develop trust in one another and the leader and avoid conflict as they focus on the task at hand
performing stage
participants work together as a cohesive unit. conflict may be present, but it is effectively resolved
reforming/transforming stage
- review group history and make changes as needed
- participants reflect on their history, evaluate what went well and what caused problems, and adjust to group in response to this review
parallel group
Participants complete tasks side by side with little or no interaction between or among them
project group
the group's emphasis is on the task; some interaction occurs among participants
egocentric-cooperative group
Interaction among participants is expected
cooperative group
taking care of each other's needs is part of the group process
mature group
participants assume leadership roles and address one another's needs
explicit norms
formally communicated rules that govern behavior of group members
implicit norms
unspoken, unwritten standards of behavior for a group of people