Client types
-Governments
-Developers
-Non-Profits
-k-12 Schools
-Colleges
-Corporations
-Health care
-Individuals
-Religious
Selection Methods
-Design Competition
-RFP (Request for Proposal)
-RFP & Formal Interview (Presentation)
-Informal Interview
-Direct Hiring
Competition
Best method, but seldom used
Direct Hire
Best method for architect because it saves time and $
Formal/multi-step selection
does not guarantee best choice, but many clients think it does
Formal Selection Process Steps
1) Invited architects submit qualifications
2) Short list (3)
3) Interview
4) Site Visits
5) Selection
6) Contract Negotiations
Space Program Summary
Rough sizes of rooms of program drawn out in scaled boxes
Existing Property Deficiencies
Map with key of needs
ADG
Listeners/Translators
Facilitators/Illustrators
Implementors
Collaborative Design
-Design led by ADG
-Use of Technology to facilitate file sharing
-Integration of all aspects of design through every phase
Selection Criteria for Clients
-Trust/Personal Relationship/Past History
-Political Relationship
-High Profile Design/ Signature Architect
-Technical Competence/Expertise
-Service/Project Delivery
-Price
-Safe Choice
Developer Motivation
ROI + 'salability'
Corporation Motivation
function and image
Non-Profit Motivation
work environment/cost
Individual Motivation
Personal Statement
Religious Motivation
User Experience/Cost
Health Care Motivation
Function/Patient Satisfaction
Bureaucracy Motivation
Safe Choice/Public Approval
5 Client Phases
1) Genesis - research and discussion leading to decision to build
2) Focus - the project is defined
3) Design
4) Build
5) Operate
Client Perception of Architects
Architects want to build monument to themselves and get big fees
Advantages of Traditional Build Method
1) Well established roles
2) All design decisions made ahead of construction
3) Price established prior to any construction
4) Allows true competitive bidding
Disadvantage of Traditional Build Method
1) Significant cost incurred before cost of the building is known
2) Linear Process is time consuming
3) Architects do not have first hand access to cost information
Advantages of Design-Build
1) Cost info is available to the designers as thy make decisions
2) Building cost can be guaranteed prior to drawings being completed
3) Single point of responsibility
4) Can be used with fast-track approach
Disadvantages of Design-Build
1) Owner vest preponderance of power to one entity
2) Usually does not result in lowest cost due to lack of competitive bidding
3) Few firms in area comprehensive design-build
4) Design-Build firms may lack talent and experience with specialized building
Construction Management
1) No General Contractor mark-up on subcontractors b/c everyone is a sub
2) May be required on very large projects beyond bonding capacity of GC
Disadvantages of Construction Management
1) Owner holds all of the contracts with the subs
2) No general contractor umbrella between owner and subs
3) Another point of responsibility
4)Breaks contract documents into many pieces, more risk of having items omitted from one of bidding packages
5) G
Fast Track
Owner has separate contracts with architect and GC. CD's released in staged multiple bid packages.
Advantages of Fast Track
Construction can proceed before all of the design is completed
Disadvantages of Fast Track
1) Risk of costly changes to work
2) Owner cannot review the final CD's before construction
3) A/E fees higher due to work involved with release of multiple bid packages
Integrated Project Design (IPD)
optimizing the design and construction process by creating a collaborative team early in the process that contributes knowledge via bim
-Reduces waste and maximizes value and efficiency
IPD Principles
1) Mutual respect & trust
2) Mutual Benefit and Reward
3) Collaborative decision-making
4) Early involvement of key participants
5) Acceptance of Goals
6) Open communication
7) Technology