Implied Consent Ch.3
Under "implied consent" laws in all states, when they apply for a driver's license, motorists give consent to field sobriety tests and chemical tests to determine impairment. Should a driver refuse to submit to testing when an officer has reasonable suspi
IPDE Ch.4
reading traffic situations" to gather information for your decisions, identify hazards and predict conflict.
Identify
The first step of the IPDE Process in which the driver locates potential hazards.
Use visual search pattern to identify:
-open and closed zones
-specific clues
-other users
-roadway features and conditions
-traffic controls
How should you identify hazards?
scan for pedestrians, bicyclists, parked vehicles, and animals
-look for shopping exits/entrances, roadside stands, restaurants
-predict that your open zone will close
-scan target area zone
Predict
The second step of the IPDE Process in which the driver anticipates possible conflict.
Use knowledge, judgement and experience to predict:
-actions of other users
-speed
-direction
-control
How can you predict a situation while driving?
-how can this hazard affect your path of travel?
-predict possible points of conflict
-evaluate the situation/make a judgement
-more complex=more difficult
-use zone control to move to open zones
-scan target areas, predict
When predicting others actions what should you take into consideration?
-that they will not make correct moves
-watch what they do
-where is the driver going?
-closed zones?
-open zones?
-leave yourself an out
-no open zones, where will you go?
Path, Action, Space, Point of Conflict
What are two major elements in the traffic scene you must make predictions about:
*the actions of the other roadway users
*your control of your vehicle/actions
Decide
The third step of the IPDE Process in which the driver selects the best actions as well as when and where to take them to avoid conflicts.
How do you decide?
after predicting you decide on an action
-mental task
-maintain speed, change speed, change direction, or communicate your plan with others
-prepare to rethink as hazards make zones closed to avoid conflict
Execute
The fourth step of the IPDE Process in which a driver performs proper vehicle control responses to avoid possible conflicts.
What are the three most important actions you will execute?
1) Control speed
2) steer
3) communicate
How do you execute?
carry out an action that you have decided on, using vehicle controls.
What does executing mean?
uses physical skills
ex. heater, defroster, wipes, gearshift lever
timing and the placement of your vehicle
control speed, steer, communicate
Signs- Colors, Shapes, Symbols Ch.2
Regulatory Signs
Tell you what you must do, or must not do, according to the law
Warning Signs
Tells you about conditions on or near the road ahead. They warn you about possible hazards or changes in the roadway conditions.
Guide Signs
Provide info about intersecting roads, help direct you to cities/towns & show points of interest
Colors-
Red/White/Black
Regulatory
Yellow
Warning
Orange
Work/Construction Zone
Green
Guide
Red& White& Blue
Interstate Signs
Black& White
Route Markers
Blue& White
Service Signs
Brown
Recreation
Shapes-
Octagon
used exclusively for STOP signs
Equilateral Triangle
used for YIELD signs. It always points down.
Horizontal Rectangle
guide signs, as well as some warning signs & temporary traffic control signs.
Vertical Rectangle
regulatory signs
Pennant (Triangle pointing right)
no-passing zone signs.
Diamond
warning signs
Circle/ Round
to warn drivers of a railroad crossing ahead.
Cross buck (X)
railroad crossing signs
Pentagon (5 sides)
school warning signs as well as some route marker signs
Shield
route marker signs
Trapezoid
recreational area guide signs
Other Shapes
route marker signs may use other shapes that don't fit into any of the categories above
Line Markings-
Single Yellow Broken
center of 2way 2lane road. passing is permitted on either side. when passing use lane belonging to oncoming traffic
Double Yellow Solid
passing by traffic traveling in either direction is not allowed
Solid Yellow Line & Broken Yellow Line
may pass if the broken line is on your side of the road & safe conditions exist, but you may not pass when a solid yellow line is on your side of the road
2 broken lines inside 2 solid yellow lines
left turning lane only
Broken white lines & 2 solid center lines
White lines show which lanes can be used by vehicles traveling same way & can be passed to switch lanes. Double yellow lines cannot be crossed b/c traffic is traveling in the opposite direction
Limited Access Highways
same as above w/ medians (center dividers) & solid white lines on right edge
Curb Markings
White (or no color): Parking allowed, unless restricted or limited by signs
Blue: Parking for the disabled only
Green: Parking allowed for a short time
Yellow: Stop only long enough to load or unload passengers
�Red: No parking
Right of Way Law
Used to promote using signs/signals/markings to direct drivers & pedestrians who has the right to go first in different situations
Yielding
At a yield sign
To pedestrians in a crosswalk
To persons using a seeing eye guide dog
To persons using a white cane with or without a red tip
At uncontrolled intersections where vehicles are already in the intersection
At "T" intersections where you must
Traffic Lights-
Flashing
Red: same meaning as solid
Yellow: go ahead w/ caution
Solid
Red: stop
Yellow: Exercise caution
Green: proceed when safe
Arrows
Red: to not make a turn against signal, applies to drivers in left/right turning lane
Green: turn/drive where arrow points
Delayed
Traffic stopped on 1 side of the intersection
Automatic Transmission- Drive
allows the car to move forward
Park
locks the transmission and prevents the car from moving
Neutral
allows the wheels to roll without engine power
Reverse
allows the car to back up
L1/L2
allows greater power at lower speeds (used for pulling, towing, going uphill, driving in snow)
Active vs Passive Restraint Ch.5
Active: Restraint device that you have to engage such as a seat belt
Passive: Restraint device, such as an air bag , that works automatically
Proper Hand Steering (Placement)
Hand positons @ 9 & 3 o'clock
Braking Distance
Distance your vehicle travels from the time you brake until your vehicle stops
Perception Distance
Distance your vehicle travels during perception time
Reaction Distance
Distance your vehicle travels while you react
Stopping Distance
Distance your vehicle travels while you make a stop
Tread
Outer grooved surface of a tire that grips the road
Traction
Friction or gripping power between the tires and the roadway surface
Point of No Return
once the car crosses the line to enter the intersection the car can not turn around until it has crossed the other side of the intersection
Hydroplaning Ch.3
when tires lose their grip on road &ride like skis on film of water. slow down, excessive speeding in bad weather is a main cause
Skidding
sliding sideways as result of stopping or turning too quickly. steer in the direction you want to go by turning same direction as rear of car
Fog
slow down enough so that you can stop safely w/in distance that you can see & turn on your low beam headlights so others can see you
Rain
roadways are the slickest in the first 30 minutes of rain after a long dry spell
Black Ice
thin layer of ice created when water on road freezes. drive slower
Bridges
slow down & exercise excessive caution
Curves
you will usually see a yellow diamond warning sign showing how the road bends, if the road bends 90 degree angle you may see a rectangular yellow sign &large arrow pointing left/right, sharp curves have chevron warning signs placed throughout the turn
to
Zero Tolerance Law
The term is used in the context of driving under the influence of alcohol, referring to a lower illegal blood alcohol content for drivers under the age of 21. In the US, the legal limit in all states is now .08%, but for drivers under 21 the prohibited le
BAC
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration
What is considered 1 drink:
1 1/2 oz. of 80 proof liquor
12 oz. beer
5 oz. wine
Females reach higher BAC level faster than males
Alcohol legal limit for under/over 21
Under 21- .02
Over 21- .08
DWI vs. DUI
Driving While Intoxicated (alcohol specific)
Driving Under the Influence (more general)
Refusal of DUI
12 month license suspension
Warning Lights- (Ch. Vehicle Controls)
Temp.
This light warns you when the coolant in the engine is too hot.
Engine
check to make sure the engine is working properly
Tire Pressure
tells you the if the tire pressure is too low/high
Oil
warns you when oil is not circulating at the proper temp
Depth Perception
the ability to view objects in relation to the car while moving on the road
Basic Speed Law
you must never drive faster than is safe for present conditions, regardless of the posted speed limit.
HTS
who is involved is all the drivers on the road, laws, police, DMV, courts, & engineers building the roads
Zone Control System Ch.4
organized method managing six zones of space surrounding your vehicle that allows you to see and respond to changes in traffic environment at a time when best control can be achieved.
Yield
At a yield sign
To pedestrians in a crosswalk
To persons using a seeing eye guide dog
To persons using a white cane with or without a red tip
At uncontrolled intersections where vehicles are already in the intersection
At "T" intersections where you must
Smith System
organized method to help drivers develop good seeing habits.
1. Aim high in steering
2. Keep your eyes moving
3.Get the big picture
4. Make others see you
5. Leave yourself an out
Defensive Driving
the ability to anticipate dangers w/ the ability to see & no distractions
Handicapped Parking
blue & white symbol designated in close proximity to the building to make it more accessible for those who need handicapped parking
Cruise Control
device that lets you maintain your desired speed w/out keeping your foot on the accelerator. tap the break pedal to cancel it
Split Traction
when you are braking and turning you divide your traction limit
Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Intersections
Controlled: traffic signals or signs control the intersection
Uncontrolled: there is nothing guiding you
Tires: Underinflated vs Overinflated (Dangers)
Underinflated: overheat
Overinflated: loss of traction
Oil Pressure Warning Light
warns you when oil is not circulating at the proper temp
Blind Spot
the area where the view is obstructed & you must turn your head to see it
Antifreeze
to lower the freezing point, chiefly used in the radiator of a motor vehicle.
Depreciation
decrease in the value of a vehicle over time
Blue Book for Cars
evaluating for buying & selling cars
Center of Gravity
the lower the center of gravity the better the vehicle can perform
Friction
Force that keeps each tire from sliding on the road
Energy of Motion
Kinetic energy or the energy an object has because it is moving