Excise Tax
Hamiltonian economic measure repealed by Jefferson and Gallatin
Pardon
Action Jefferson took toward Republican "martyrs" convicted under the Federalist Sedition Law
Midnight Judges
Derogatory Republican term for the Federalist judges appointed at the last minute by President Adams
Marbury vs. Madison
Precedent-setting Supreme Court case in which Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional (The Supreme Court has the right to declare laws unconstitutional)
Judicial Review
The principle, established by Chief Justice Marshall in a famous case, that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional
Impeachment
Action voted by the House of Representatives against the Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase
Navy
Branch of military service that Jefferson considered least threatening to liberty and most necessary to suppressing the Barbary states
Haiti/ Santo Domingo
Sugar-rich island where Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave rebellion disrupted Napoleon's dreams of a vast New World empire
Oregon Country
Territory beyond Louisiana, along the Columbia River, explored by Lewis and Clark
$15 million
Price paid by the US for the Louisiana Purchase
'Chesapeake'
American ship fired on by British in 1807, nearly leading to war between the two countries
Embargo
Jefferson's policy of forbidding the shipment of any goods in or out of the United States
Warhawks
Militantly nationalistic western congressmen eager for hostilities with the Indians, Canadians and British
Battle of Tippecanoe
Battle in 1811 where General Harrison defeated the Indian forces under Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)
Mr. Madison's war
Federalist name for the War of 1812 that blamed it on the Republican president
Thomas Jefferson
Strong believer in strict construction, weak government, and antimilitarism who was forced to modify some of his principles in office
Albert Gallatin
Swiss-born treasury secretary who disliked national debt but kept most of Hamiltonian economic measures in effect
John Marshall
Federalist Supreme Court justice whose brilliant legal efforts established the principle of judicial review
Samuel Chase
Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate
Pasha of Tripoli
North African leader who fought an undeclared war with the United States from 1801-1805
Napoleon Bonaparte
French ruler who acquired Louisiana from Spain only to sell it to the US
Robert Livingston
American minister to Paris who joined James Monroe in making a magnificent real estate deal
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Gifted black revolutionary whose successful slave revolution indirectly led to Napoleon's sale of Louisiana
Lewis and Clark
Explorers who crossed the Louisiana Purchase territory and went on to Oregon and the Pacific Coast
Aaron Burr
Former vice-president, killer of Alexander Hamilton, and plotter of mysterious secessionist schemes (like Benedict Arnold)
'Chesapeake' Affair
British attack on American sailors that aroused angry demands for war
Embargo Act of 1807
Restrictive trade policy that hurt Britain but hurt American shippers and farmers more
Tecumseh
Shawnee leader who organized a major Indian confederation against US expansion
William Henry Harrison
Military leader who defeated Tecumseh's brother, "the Prophet", at the Battle of Tippecanoe
Jefferson's moderation and continuation of many Federalist policies created...
Stability and continuity in the transition of power form one party to another
Adam's appointment of "midnight judges" aroused...
Jeffersonian hostility to the Federalist judiciary and led to repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801
Marshall's ruling in Marbury vs. Madison established...
The principle of "judicial review" of laws by the Supreme Court
The Barbary pirates' attacks on American shipping forced...
A reluctant Jefferson to send the US Navy into military action
France's acquisition of Louisiana form Spain made...
Americans eager to purchase New Orleans in order to protect their Mississippi River shipping
Napoleon's foreign troubles with Britain and Santo Domingo led to...
A surprise offer to sell Louisiana to the US for $15 million
The Louisiana Purchase provoked...
Federalists to charge Jefferson with unconstitutional expansionism
British impressment of American sailors and anger at American harboring of British deserters led to...
An aggressive and deadly assault on the American ship 'Chesapeake'
French compliances with Macon's Bill No.2 forced...
Madison to declare a policy of nonimportation that accelerated the drift toward war
Western war hawks' fervor for acquiring Canada and removing resisting Indians caused...
Harrison's and Jackson's military ventures and contributed to the declaration of war in 1812
Jefferson's Foreign Affairs
He decided to stay neutral, but he was for the French Revolution. He felt that it was "unfortunate but necessary". He decreased the military but eventually dispatched the Navy on the Barbary pirates. Jefferson's Navy or "mosquito fleet"was made of "Jeffs
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
The US will trade with all nations except France and Britain because of their tough trade limitations
Macon's Bill No. 2
Stated that whichever nation (Britain or France) that was to repeal their trade limitations first, then the US would resume its trade with that nation and continue its embargo of the other. France repealed its limits first only to hurt Britain.
McCulloch vs. Maryland
1819 - Marshall Case
Issue : Maryland attempted to impose a tax on Bank notes to destroy that branch of the Bank. (Federal Bank vs. State Bank)
Ruling : The Bank was unconstitutional for invoking the Hamiltonian doctrine but the state was denied the right
Cohens vs. Virginia
1821 - Marshall case
Issue : Cohens was found guilty by the Virginia Court of illegally selling lottery tickets.
Ruling : Virginia "won" ; Cohens was convicted
Significance : Virginia may have won, but the States lost because the Federal government assert
Gibbons vs. Ogden
1824 "Steamboat case" - Marshall case
Issue : New York attempted to grant a private monopoly of waterborne commerce between New York and New Jersey
Ruling : The Constitution made only Congress the control of interstate commerce (in favor of the Federal go
Fletcher vs. Peck
1810 - Marshall case
Issue : Georgia legislature (swayed by bribery) granted 35 million acres in the Yazoo River Country (Mississippi) and then canceled it
Ruling : The legislative grant was a contract and had to follow through with it. (in favor of the F
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
1819 - Marshall case
Issue : The college had been granted a charter bill by King George III in 1769 and New Hampshire wanted to change that
Ruling : The original charter must stand because it was a contract.
Significance : (Like Fletcher vs. Peck) A contr