What part of North America was filled with Glaciers?
the upper, northern part of North America which we now know as Canada
What geographical features may have caused people to keep moving south?
natives mainly moved south because they were following the animals they hunted
How did cliff dwellings protect inhabitants from enemy attack?
Since they were along canyon walls so they were high up. They would have a higher ground and be more difficult to move troops in to attack
Why do you think water-control features were important?
Because they were living in places water would not flow naturally, they needed to learn how to direct water towards their civilization
In which region did Native Americans live mainly by hunting?
Mainly in the subarctic region, and a little in the great plains, great basin, and the northeast
What factors may have contributed to the rapid population growth in the Northeast?
It could have been because of the various types of food sources
Why is the term ice age significant in understanding American Indian culture?
Ice age explains why and how North America became inhabited. How the land bridges formed, and the reason for the migration of the animals
Why is the term migrate significant in understanding American Indian culture?
Migrate is why the Natives came to North America. They were following their food source which was migrating
Why is the term Mayas significant in understanding American Indian culture?
Mayas were one of the greatest civilizations of Native America and shows great sophistication
Why is the term Aztecs significant in understanding American Indian culture?
Aztecs were another great civilization of Native America and shows their sophistication as well as how varying the different Natives could be
Why is the term adobe significant in understanding American Indian culture?
Adobe shows another type of civilization that the Natives had
Why is the term Iroquois League significant in understanding American Indian culture?
This shows a form of diplomacy between the different people and their desire for peace and unity
How did the spread of civilization begin the americas?
It began the Americas by first moving the Natives over to America by means of the land bridge. There it was settled by the Natives who lived off the land. Later the Europeans came and settled it in their own way, which began what we now know as America
What two leading theories explain how the first humans came to the Americas?
Either they crossed over the land bridge following their food, or they were moving by means of water across the Bering strait
What sequence of events led to the expansion of people throughout North and South America?
First event was the ice age whitch led to the formation of the land bridge, then it was the migration of the Animals, after they followed them down into the Americas, they broke off settling different parts of America because some learned to farm, while o
Why do you think more technologically advanced cultures would develop among farming societies rather than hunting and gathering ones?
When you farm, you tend to stay in the same place where you build permanent civilizations, which leads to discovery and advancement to improve opposed to migration where you stick to the same way of life because it works
What major trade cities were located in Africa and Asia?
Tunis, Tripoli, and Alexandria for Africa and Bergen, Stockholm. Danzig, Novgorod, Kiev, Constantinople, and Damascus for Asia
How do you think the lives of people living in trade cities were affected?
They would be introduced by things from all over. They may grow to be more understanding of the rest of the world, or resent it for changing too much of their own
How does the word Middle Ages describe Europe in the 15th century?
The Middle Ages was when the beginning of the collapse of the Roman Empire began, and was marked by a central absence of government, and constant threats of foreign invasion, famine, and disease
How does the word Renaissance describe Europe in the 15th century?
The Renaissance marked a period of European history where freedom of thought was encouraged, the importance of the individual, and a new interest in classical learning
How does the word reconquista describe Europe in the 15th century?
Reconquista was a battle that re-established Spanish Christian rule on the Iberian Peninsula after 700 years of Muslim dominance
How did Europeans begin to explore more of the world?
they began by discovering Asia and establishing trade routes. Once this happened, many countries wanted a trade routes, so as they searched for a route, places like the Americas were discovered
Why do you think European technology became more advanced after the 1500s?
They were going through a renaissance, where their people had a more free way of thinking, and influences from other places such as Asia which allowed them to advance much more rapidly
How did the Renaissance affect the Europeans in the 1500s?
they started to think differently and become more advanced, and developed a new way to image themselves so that instead of being a people they were individuals belonging to a people
Why do you think the reconquista sparked Spain's interest in exploration?
They most likely realised that they could go to different places and expand there, so in their desire to conquer , they explored new places and declared it was theirs
Why did African Rulers only allow Portuguese trading posts along the coast?
while originally the Portuguese acted as Pirates, the African resistance forced them to a more friendly form of trade
Why do you think the ruler of Ghana guarded the location of the gold mines?
In order to keep traders and other countries from seizing them
The king of Ghana built a special city to receive Muslim merchants, traders,a nd foreigners. Why do you think he did this?
He might have wanted to impress them, or make sure that what they saw was just as good as where they were coming from to insure respect and define power
How does Ghana describe West African Culture between 14-1600s?
Ghana was the prominent kingdom in West Africa, known for its wealth and gold
How does Mali describe West African Culture between 14-1600s?
Mali was a West African empire
How does Mansa Musa describe West African Culture between 14-1600s?
Mansa Musa was the greatest ruler of Mali, and led its expansion and increased the role of Islam
How does Songhai describe West African Culture between 14-1600s?
Songhai was a large West African empire
What was life in West Africa like before European expansion?
It was tribal. But it was also like many other civilizations with empires and rulers
How did the presence of resources such as gold and salt help lead to the development of great kingdoms in West Africa?
It gave them things to trade with other countries and themselves in order to establish kingdoms
How did slavery as practiced in West Africa differ from that later practiced in the Americas?
In Africa, the slaves were adopted by the family that purchased them, they could also marry, and their children did not inherit the status of slavery. They could even become important officials and soldiers. It was not based upon racial superiority
How did the Portuguese benefit from the slave trade?
They had man power to build and farm, they doubled the slave trade from 1,000 slaves to 1,800
Around which island did Columbus navigate in 1498?
Cape Verde Islands
Were Portuguese explorers better Navigators than Columbus?
Yes they were, the Portuguese were more precise when they were sailing where Columbus' mapping was not the best, however he was precise in the fact that he usually got to where he wanted (minus India)
How do you think the ColumbianExchange affected the Americas?
It gave the Natives new things which was good and helped them advance, however it also introduced new diseases which end up killing large amounts of people on both sides
Is there still a global exchange among the continents?
Yes, we are constantly exchanging goods and information, however due to hostility between certain countries these ties have become strained
What was the role of Christopher Columbus in European exploration of the Americas?
Columbus set out in search of India and China, instead he discovered what would lead others to come find what we call America
What was the role of John Cabot in European exploration of the Americas?
He sailed to Newfoundland
What was the role of Pedro Alvarez Cabral in European exploration of the Americas?
Discovered the coast of Brazil
What was the role of Amerigo Vespucci in European exploration of the Americas?
Explored the coast of South America and deemed it a new continent
What was the role of Ferdinand Magellan in European exploration of the Americas?
Encircled the entire globe, giving a more detailed picture of the Earth
What was the role of Hernan Cortez in European exploration of the Americas?
He aquired gold mines and plantations in Cuba, then moved to the americas where he conquered Tenochtitlan
How did European exploration affect the Americas?
It destroyed the Native life and gave them diseases. However it led to the European modernization of the Americas
How did the success of Portugal's exploration of Africa affect Spain?
They were struggling with borders, however because they were Christian countries they turned to the Pope
How did the conquistadors justify their conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires?
They reasoned that the riches of the Natives were wasted on them because they were non Christians
How did the Columbian Exchange affect population size and movement?
It introduced new people to the continent such as slaves and settlers and it also killed many of the natives due to the exchange of disease
Define adobe. What american group used it, and what for?
Adobe was a red clay used by the Pueblo Natives for pottery and houses
What was the Iroquois League?
It was a union between many different groups of Native americans in order to instill peace between them
What were the Middle Ages and Renaissance? How are they different?
The Middle Ages was a chaotic period filled with death and famine following the fall of the Roman's where the Renaissance was a time of rebirth and advancement
Who was Mansa Musa, and how did he increase the influence of Islam?
Mansa Musa was the king of Mali and increased Islam influence by evangelizing his people
Who was Hernan Cortes, and what role did he play is Spanish Mexico?
He was the conquistador who conquered the Incas. He declared the Incan lands as Spain's
How did the spread of civilization begin in the Americas?
It began with the migration of Natives into America across the land bridge following the animals they hunted
How did Europeans begin to explore more of the world ?
they began by discovering Asia and establishing trade routes. Once this happened, many countries wanted a trade routes, so as they searched for a route, places like the Americas were discovered
What was life like in West Africa before the age of European exploration?
It was tribal. But it was also like many other civilizations with empires and rulers
How did European exploration affect the Americas?
It destroyed the Native life and gave them diseases. However it led to the European modernization of the Americas
How did the environment influence the American Indian way of life?
Because they were hunters, they had to follow their pray which led to hem being nomadic. Because they were constantly moving they developed a way of life which made them part of the land
What effect do you think the printing press had on European exploration?
It may have motivated the people to go an explore and become settlers of the new land as it was depicted as a land of hope
How would you describe the social class and ruling system in western Europe in the fifteenth century?
The ruling systems were mainly Monarchies supported by aristocratic families, who were supported by the lands they owned and the people who lived on them
How were the views on land use similar between American Indians and West Africans? How were they different?
They were similar in their tribal way of life where they were nomadic and a part of the land. They started to differ when the African Kings started to own the lands and build their kingdoms
How did the colombian exchange impact the food traditions of Europe and the Americas?
it brought new foods like rice, wheat, and live stocks to the the Americas and things like potatoes to Europe
How would a rendering of a map change from the 1400's to the 1500s?
Asia would be much smaller and Africa not as long. The americas would also be added on, along with the Americas