Four of the following are advantages that the United States enjoyed in its rise to industrial supremacy in the late nineteenth century. Which is the exception?
a high level of basic research in pure science
During the 1870s and 1880s, the railroad industry
increased the amount of track in the United States by 40,000 miles
Both the Bessemer-Kelly process and the open-hearth process are methods of
producing steel.
The oil industry was important in the late nineteenth century as
the producer of a lubricant for the machines of the steel industry.
The term "Taylorism" refers to
scientific management in industry.
Henry Ford's main contribution to American industrialism was his
use of the moving assembly line to achieve mass production
Each of the following was true about the railroads between 1860 and 1900 EXCEPT
they democratized control over the nation's transportation system
Andrew Carnegie made his principle fortune in the field of
steel
The legal principle that made investment in corporations attractive and made the growth of huge corporations possible was
limited liability.
A "vertically integrated" system of production is one in which
a single company controls the entire industrial process from source of raw materials to the final market
John D. Rockefeller made his principal fortune in the field of
petroleum
What new type of business organization permitted a small group of capitalists to control the stock of a large number of individual corporations without actually becoming one company? The term later came to refer generally to any huge economic concentratio
trust
The idea of the "self-made man
ignored the fact that most millionaires came from families of wealth and privilege
Social Darwinism" was based on what aspect of Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution?
survival of the fittest
Social Darwinism and classical economics agree that
free competition promotes human progress.
Which of the following emphasizes most strongly the duty of the rich to do good works for the public?
The Gospel of Wealth
The "single tax" was
a tax on "unearned increments.
The theme of virtually all of Horatio Alger's novels was
poor boy makes good by hard work, perseverance, and luck.
In the late nineteenth century, the American working classes suffered from four of the following conditions. Which is the exception?
declining standard of living, in both absolute and relative terms
The Molly Maguires
used terrorist tactics to intimidate the coal operators in Pennsylvania.
The immediate cause of the railroad strikes of 1877 was
a 10 percent cut in wages.
A major feature of the program of the American Federation of Labor was its emphasis on
immediate gains for its members, such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
The significance of the Haymarket Square incident in 1886 was that
it led to federal intervention in labor union matters
The Homestead strike of 1892 and the Pullman strike of 1894 were similar in that
both started when management ordered pay cuts for some workers.