Walter Raleigh
Founder of England's first American colony. (Roanoke, it failed)
Elizabeth I
English Queen during golden age. Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
Treaty of Tordesillas
a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
Pocahontas
a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown. Marriage to John Rolfe = first interracial union in america= Peace settlement ending the Anglo-Powhatan War
John Rolfe
He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
1588 by Elizabeth 1 of England, English naval supremacy.
John Smith
Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Jamestown
Founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London.Elected Captain John Smith as their leader.
Thomas Dale
Made governor of Jamestown after John Smith, stern, didn't believe in laziness, created daily schedule
John Calvin
INSTITUTES OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION: emphasized predestination and he rejected the medieval Church. He believed that the church and state should be united under the Calvinist faith.
John Winthrop
Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" (covenant theology)
Peter Stuyvesant
The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (Netherlands), hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
Anne Hutchinson
A religious dissenter whose ideas provoked an intense religious and political crisis in the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1636 and 1638. She challenged the principles of Massachusetts's religious and political system. Her ideas became known as the here
King Phillips War
Started over land ownership disagreements. The War Between the Puritans and the Pequot, Narragansett,Wampanog, and Nipmunk Indians. armed indians in raiding NE towns, Eng & allies won, survivors fled N, increase Indian hate
Roger Williams
He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
Dominion of New England
1686-The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros) Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new
New England Confederation
New England colonists (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth) formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and encroaching Dutch. The colonists formed the alliance without the English crown's authorization.
Patroonships
Vast estates along the Hudson River established by the Dutch. They had difficulty attracting peasant labor, and most were not successful.
William Penn
Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)
Jeremiads
Puritan preachers Taking their cue from the doom-saying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah, earnest preachers scolded parishioners for their waning piety.Scared people off, decline of Puritanism.
Glorious Revolution 1688
Bloodless overthrow of King James II. Established William and Mary as the new leaders.
Great Puritan Migration
Many Puritans migrated from England to North America during the 1620s to the 1640s due to belief that the Church of England was beyond reform. In 1630 group of Puritans led by John Winthrop founded MA Bay Colony.
Treaty of Utrecht
1713, ended Queen Ann's War, transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
Bacon's Rebellion
Indentured servants in Virginia revolt against gov and landowners (origionally over lack of protection from Indians on frontier). burn Jamestown. look to African slaves as less troublesome source of labor.
Middle passage
the Atlantic crossing (middle portion of the triangular trade) that brought African slaves to the Americas
Salem Witch Trials
Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Terrible mistake, shows social tensions, decline of Puritanism.
half way covenant
response to decline of Puritanism. The Puritan practice where by parents who had been baptized but had not yet experienced conversion could bring their children before the church and have them baptized. Weakened distinction between "elect" and others; dra
headright system
Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists.
Leisler's rebellion
uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which militia seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691. The uprising, which occurred in the midst of Britain's "Glorious Revolution," reflected colonial resentment against the policies of King
Triangular Trade
Illegal trade created to generate money to buy English goods.The backbone of New England's economy during the colonial period. Ships from New England sailed first to Africa, exchanging New England rum for slaves. The slaves were shipped from Africa to the
First Great Awakening
1st grassroots American social movement. Series of revivals making church more emotional. Old lights (against) new lights (for). Results: democratic, new denominations (Methodist and Baptists), more choice, colleges, old clergy loses prestige
George Whitefield
Most influential New Light speaker during first Great Awakening
Jonathan Edwards
New Light preacher who started the first Great Awakening