What was the principal crop in the Chesapeake region?
most planters grew tobacco because it was easy to grow and profitable- but it seriously depleted the soil
Unhealthy Chesapeake
life in the American wilderness was harsh, disease killed many, few died to live to 40 or 50 years, women were very scarce, few people knew grandparents
Indentured Servants
could come to the New World for free and then usually worked 7 years to pay off travel debt, life for them was hard, freedom after 7 years, harsh awful conditions
Headright System
Virginia and Maryland used this to encourage workers- whoever paid the passage of a laborer received the rights to 50 acres of land, benefited master not servant
Freedom Dues
the work that indentured servants had to pay in order to become free of debt and reap the benefits of freedom
Governor William Berkeley
gave tax free land grants to himself and to his friends, royal governor, began going against his own people and helped Indians so he could make personal profit, hated by people
Nathaniel Bacon
member of the governing council, protested and killed some peaceful Indians, arrested by Berkeley
Bacon's Rebellion (1676)
When Bacon was arrested, Bacon's men threatend to use force to get him out, Berkeley gave landless freemen a vote to mantain peace, Bacon's men still burned Jamestown and issued a "Manifesto and Declaration of the People" to end the rule of the wealthy, rebellion eventually lowered taxes and took Indian land, accelerated interest in African slaves as alternate labor force, against gov. now
Why did the Chesapeake farmers switch from indentured servants to slaves in the 1660s?
indentured servants were too much work and could think for themselves and start revolt (Bacon), indentured servants were also running low,
Middle Passage
Slaves would go from Africa to West Indies to America, trade would also occur along this pasage
From what part of africa did most North American slaves come?
most of the slaves were from West Africa from places like Senegal and Angola
Slave Codes
Laws that clarified the social places of slaves, started and brought to America from Barbados, slaves became property with no rights or education and were hereditary
What were the principle crops in the South Carolina colony?
rice and indigo
Stono Rebellion
1739, South Carolina blacks along the Stono River revolted and tried to march to Spanish Florida but failed
FFVs
In Virginia, a clutch of extended family clans owned tracts and tracts of real estate and dominated the House of Burgesses, they were known as the First Families of Virginia
Why did so few large cities develop in the South?
the majority of the population was farmers
Royal African Company
originally had a crown-granted monopoly on carrying slaves to colonies, lost it in 1698 causing others to rush to Africa for slave trade and the number of slaves rose drastically
1619
slavery and House of Burgesses started
Gullah
language of blacks on South Carolina coast
Ringshout
a dance, music thing that developed into jazz
5 Levels of Society in Southern Colonies
1) planters, 2) small farmers, 3) landless whites, 4) persons serving out the term of their indenture, 5) oppressed black slaves
What were the natural advantages of the New England colonies?
clean water and cooler temperatures
Jeremaid
a new form of sermon, preachers scolded parishioners for waning piety
The Half-Way Covenant
to grow church popularity because members were decreasing, modified the "covenenant" or the agreement between the church and its adherents to admit to baptism- but not "full communion"- the unconverted children of existing members. By conferring partial membership rights in the once exclusive Puritan congretions, the Half-Way covenant weakened the distinction between the "elect" and others, eventually anyone was let in Puritan congregations
Salem Witch Hunts
1692, a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts claimed that they were bewtiched by an older group of women, this caused witch hunts to go on all over legally killing more than 20 women and 2 dogs, the girls most likely lied due to social, economic, and religious differences
How did New England settlers differ from the Indians in the way they viewed how land should be used?
the settlers thought that it is good to own land and do as you please to make a profit, the indians thought it was Gods land that he gave to everyone and that no one can own
Worth a candle
things that can only be performed at night
Dukes don't emigrate
if people are enjoying wealth and security they are not likely to risk it in the wilderness
Leisler's Rebellion
A rebellion in New York between lordly landholders and aspiring merchants, an illstarred and bloody insurgence that rocked NYC from 1689-1691
What farming techinques did Africans bring to the Carolinas?
rice farming
How were slaves able to form a common culture in spite of their own diversity?
they were now all slaves together working and living together all the time
How did the Christianity of the slaves come to reflect African heritage?
Christian songs could be code for announcement of the arribal of a guide to freedom