APUSH Chapter 2 Study Guide

Sea Dogs and Sir Francis Drake

set out by Queen Elizabeth, to steal treasure and plunder from Spanish settlements and ships in new colonizations. Drake was knighted by the king

Roanoke Colony

island in Virginia, 1st attempt at English colonization, completely disappeared, embarasing failure

1588- Spanish Armada

Spain was large, united, powerful country but after England basically defeated them in the Spanish Armada England became this powerful united country. After the war, England swarmed to America to take over the colonies and gain colonization power. Signed

Reasons for English Exploration/Emigration

1) defeated Spain- now powerful, 2) their population was growing rapidly, 3) farmers were enclosing their land for farming, 4) Puritanism was taking a strong hold in woolen districts of western and eastern England, 5) laws of premogentoture- young sons of

Virginia Company of London

a joint-stock company in England that received a charter from King James to settle land in America, were planning on going- making quick profit and coming right back

The Charter

the charter of the VA Company, stated that settlers were gaurenteed the same rights there as in England

May 24, 1607

100 English settlers, mostly male, founded Jamestown, 40 died during voyage, the three ships originally landed in Chesapeake Bay

Jamestown

mosquito infested, diseases, great game and fish but "gentlemen" too focused on profit and don't want to/know how to work, many die during starvation, founded by English colonists

Captain John Smith

1605, took over Jamestown and whipped the colonists into discipline, saved them from dying like Roanoke, forced colonists to work in order to eat

Powhatan

Indians near Jamestown, fake kidnapped John Smith (to show peace), eventually would have many problems with colonists, Chief Powhatan dominated many tribes in James River area, English called all Indians in the are Powhatans, saw English as allies until t

Pocohantas

saved" John Smith as a sign of peace between the two groups

Starving Time

winter of 1609-1610, very high mortality rate, life expectancy- 40 years, death of children before age 5- 80%, harsh winters and starvation killed many

Lord De La Warr

English leader at the time (Delaware), given orders by Virginia Company to start war (First Powhatan War), used "Irish Tactics

Irish Tactics

De La Warr raided villages, burned houses and fields, used in First Powhatan War

First Powhatan War

(1614), led by De La Warr using Irish tactics, ended in 1614 with peace settlement and marriage between John Rolfe and Pocohontas/1614-1622--> peace with Powhatans and English/1622-1644--> periodic attacks with English and settlers, 1622- Indians attack E

Second Powhatan War

(1644), last effort of natives to defeat England, get defeated again, peace treaty of 1646- removed Powhatans from original land, formally separated the two groups- banished completely when learned about food and land and no longer needed

John Rolfe

married Pocohantas, killed by Indians, finally made colonies prosper with tobacco, father of tobacco

1619

such a pivotal year for the colonists because it was when the House of Burgesses was formed and the colonists began to feel more independent and make laws, slavery was also born in this year

House of Burgesses

founded in 1619, assumed the role of the House of Commons in England (took control of finances and militia), initiated legislation, James I did not approve- called "seminary of sedition", made the colonists feel more independent and separate from England

Royal Colony

King James I revoked the charter of Virginia and bankrupt the VA company, making Virgina a royal colony under the king's direct control, James hated House of Burgesses and tobacco

Lord Baltimore

a royal charter was given to him to create Maryland in 1632, became propietary colony in 1634, wanted to be a leader that was never there, healthier location than Jamestown, tobacco was the main crop,indentured servants, gave huge tracts of land to Cathol

Act of Toleration (1649)

supported by the Catholics in Maryland, guaranteed toleration to ALL CHRISTIANS, decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus (Jews, atheist),

Economic Importance of West Indies

1) as British were colonizing in Virginia, they were also settling in West Indies (Spain's declining power opened the door), 2) England had secured claim to several islands including Jamaica, 3) grew lots of sugar- tobacco of the Carribbean- much more dif

Connection between Barbados and the Carolina Colony

Carolinas flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies, many original Carolina settlers had come from Barbados (they brought slaves and slave system with them),

Gold

the main attraction to colonization and all that the settlers were concerned with and talked about

Barbados Slave Code

1661, a law in North America that gave masters complete and total control of slaves

British Political Role in the Founding of Carolina

King Charles had been beheaded and eventually Charles II was at the throne, it was now the restoration period and they were building their empire with great force, a group of small English farmers from West Indies arrived in Carolina (discovered but not g

Principal Crop in Carolina

Rice and Indigo

Role of Slaves in Carolina Agriculture

African slaves were hired to work on the rice fields, due to their immunity to malaria and their familiarity with rice

Charles Town

AKA Charleston, busiest southern sea port, still a busy sea port, very aristocratic

North Carolina Settlers

Conflict- many newcomers to Carolina were "squatters", people who owned no land, (basically created North Carolina), North Carolina developed a strong resistant to authority, due to geographic isolation from neighbors, looked at as irreligious and support

Tuscaroras

In 1711, the Tuscaro Indians attacked North Carolinas, the Carolinians responded by crushing the opposition, selling hundreds to slavery and leaving the rest to wanter north, eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

The original promoter of the colonization of Americas

Sir Walter Raleigh

The man who took over after Sir Humphrey Gilbert died and settled Roanoke as well as named Virginia

Original Purpose for the Founding of Georgia/ Georgia in General

Georgia was intended to be a buffer between the British colonies and the hostile Spanish settlements in Florida and the enemy French in Louisiana, also meant to be a haven for the wretched souls in debt, founded in 1733 (by high-minded group of philanthro

James Oglethorpe

the ablest of the founders and a dynamic soldier-statesman, repelled Spanish attacks, he saved the "Charity Colony" by his entergetic leadership and using his own fortune to help with the colony

John Wesley

All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration, and many missionaries including John Wesley came to try to convert the Indians, he later returned to England and founded Methodism

Characteristics/Compare and Contrast Southern Plantation Colonies

1) slavery was founded in all the plantation colonies, 2) growth of cities was often stunted by forests, 3) establishment of schools and churches were often difficult, 4) In the south, the crops were tobacco and rice, 5) All the plantation colonies permit

Five Tribes of the Iroquois Confederation

the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Deganawidah, and the Hiawatha

Location of Iroquois

now New York State

Longhouses

the building block of Iroquois society, only 25 feet wide but over 200 feet long, longhouses were typically occupied by a few blood-related families (on the mother's side)

Role of Women in the Iroquois

everything was on the mothers side of the family and mothers were the head

Handsome Lake

An Iroquois named Handsome Lake arose to warn his tribespeople to mend their ways, his teachings live today in the form of the longhouse religion

English efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish empire were ___________

indifferent

Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the _______

defeat in the Spanish Armada

The biggest disrupter of Native American life was ________

disease

Jamestown Economy

was not diversified

Sugar- the rich man's crop- because..

had to be planted extensively, required clearing of much land, required an elaborate refining process, was a capital-intensive business

Slavery began in ________

Virgina

West Indies

stopping point on way to America- trade, slaves, etc.

Fundamental Constitution of Carolina

like Mayflower compact- gave freedoms- written by Ashley Cooper

In the early 1600s, where were the first Spanish, British, and French settlements?

Santa Fe, Jamestown, and Quebec

Virgin Queen

Queen Elizabeth I because she never got married

Broad Acre Plantation System

plantations were spread out large amounts of land because tobacco ruined the soil

Yamasee Wars

early 1700s, Carolinians defeated most remaining Indians in soutern and Appalachin region

Sea Dogs and Sir Francis Drake

set out by Queen Elizabeth, to steal treasure and plunder from Spanish settlements and ships in new colonizations. Drake was knighted by the king

Roanoke Colony

island in Virginia, 1st attempt at English colonization, completely disappeared, embarasing failure

1588- Spanish Armada

Spain was large, united, powerful country but after England basically defeated them in the Spanish Armada England became this powerful united country. After the war, England swarmed to America to take over the colonies and gain colonization power. Signed

Reasons for English Exploration/Emigration

1) defeated Spain- now powerful, 2) their population was growing rapidly, 3) farmers were enclosing their land for farming, 4) Puritanism was taking a strong hold in woolen districts of western and eastern England, 5) laws of premogentoture- young sons of

Virginia Company of London

a joint-stock company in England that received a charter from King James to settle land in America, were planning on going- making quick profit and coming right back

The Charter

the charter of the VA Company, stated that settlers were gaurenteed the same rights there as in England

May 24, 1607

100 English settlers, mostly male, founded Jamestown, 40 died during voyage, the three ships originally landed in Chesapeake Bay

Jamestown

mosquito infested, diseases, great game and fish but "gentlemen" too focused on profit and don't want to/know how to work, many die during starvation, founded by English colonists

Captain John Smith

1605, took over Jamestown and whipped the colonists into discipline, saved them from dying like Roanoke, forced colonists to work in order to eat

Powhatan

Indians near Jamestown, fake kidnapped John Smith (to show peace), eventually would have many problems with colonists, Chief Powhatan dominated many tribes in James River area, English called all Indians in the are Powhatans, saw English as allies until t

Pocohantas

saved" John Smith as a sign of peace between the two groups

Starving Time

winter of 1609-1610, very high mortality rate, life expectancy- 40 years, death of children before age 5- 80%, harsh winters and starvation killed many

Lord De La Warr

English leader at the time (Delaware), given orders by Virginia Company to start war (First Powhatan War), used "Irish Tactics

Irish Tactics

De La Warr raided villages, burned houses and fields, used in First Powhatan War

First Powhatan War

(1614), led by De La Warr using Irish tactics, ended in 1614 with peace settlement and marriage between John Rolfe and Pocohontas/1614-1622--> peace with Powhatans and English/1622-1644--> periodic attacks with English and settlers, 1622- Indians attack E

Second Powhatan War

(1644), last effort of natives to defeat England, get defeated again, peace treaty of 1646- removed Powhatans from original land, formally separated the two groups- banished completely when learned about food and land and no longer needed

John Rolfe

married Pocohantas, killed by Indians, finally made colonies prosper with tobacco, father of tobacco

1619

such a pivotal year for the colonists because it was when the House of Burgesses was formed and the colonists began to feel more independent and make laws, slavery was also born in this year

House of Burgesses

founded in 1619, assumed the role of the House of Commons in England (took control of finances and militia), initiated legislation, James I did not approve- called "seminary of sedition", made the colonists feel more independent and separate from England

Royal Colony

King James I revoked the charter of Virginia and bankrupt the VA company, making Virgina a royal colony under the king's direct control, James hated House of Burgesses and tobacco

Lord Baltimore

a royal charter was given to him to create Maryland in 1632, became propietary colony in 1634, wanted to be a leader that was never there, healthier location than Jamestown, tobacco was the main crop,indentured servants, gave huge tracts of land to Cathol

Act of Toleration (1649)

supported by the Catholics in Maryland, guaranteed toleration to ALL CHRISTIANS, decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus (Jews, atheist),

Economic Importance of West Indies

1) as British were colonizing in Virginia, they were also settling in West Indies (Spain's declining power opened the door), 2) England had secured claim to several islands including Jamaica, 3) grew lots of sugar- tobacco of the Carribbean- much more dif

Connection between Barbados and the Carolina Colony

Carolinas flourished by developing close economic ties with the West Indies, many original Carolina settlers had come from Barbados (they brought slaves and slave system with them),

Gold

the main attraction to colonization and all that the settlers were concerned with and talked about

Barbados Slave Code

1661, a law in North America that gave masters complete and total control of slaves

British Political Role in the Founding of Carolina

King Charles had been beheaded and eventually Charles II was at the throne, it was now the restoration period and they were building their empire with great force, a group of small English farmers from West Indies arrived in Carolina (discovered but not g

Principal Crop in Carolina

Rice and Indigo

Role of Slaves in Carolina Agriculture

African slaves were hired to work on the rice fields, due to their immunity to malaria and their familiarity with rice

Charles Town

AKA Charleston, busiest southern sea port, still a busy sea port, very aristocratic

North Carolina Settlers

Conflict- many newcomers to Carolina were "squatters", people who owned no land, (basically created North Carolina), North Carolina developed a strong resistant to authority, due to geographic isolation from neighbors, looked at as irreligious and support

Tuscaroras

In 1711, the Tuscaro Indians attacked North Carolinas, the Carolinians responded by crushing the opposition, selling hundreds to slavery and leaving the rest to wanter north, eventually becoming the Sixth Nation of the Iroquois

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

The original promoter of the colonization of Americas

Sir Walter Raleigh

The man who took over after Sir Humphrey Gilbert died and settled Roanoke as well as named Virginia

Original Purpose for the Founding of Georgia/ Georgia in General

Georgia was intended to be a buffer between the British colonies and the hostile Spanish settlements in Florida and the enemy French in Louisiana, also meant to be a haven for the wretched souls in debt, founded in 1733 (by high-minded group of philanthro

James Oglethorpe

the ablest of the founders and a dynamic soldier-statesman, repelled Spanish attacks, he saved the "Charity Colony" by his entergetic leadership and using his own fortune to help with the colony

John Wesley

All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration, and many missionaries including John Wesley came to try to convert the Indians, he later returned to England and founded Methodism

Characteristics/Compare and Contrast Southern Plantation Colonies

1) slavery was founded in all the plantation colonies, 2) growth of cities was often stunted by forests, 3) establishment of schools and churches were often difficult, 4) In the south, the crops were tobacco and rice, 5) All the plantation colonies permit

Five Tribes of the Iroquois Confederation

the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Deganawidah, and the Hiawatha

Location of Iroquois

now New York State

Longhouses

the building block of Iroquois society, only 25 feet wide but over 200 feet long, longhouses were typically occupied by a few blood-related families (on the mother's side)

Role of Women in the Iroquois

everything was on the mothers side of the family and mothers were the head

Handsome Lake

An Iroquois named Handsome Lake arose to warn his tribespeople to mend their ways, his teachings live today in the form of the longhouse religion

English efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish empire were ___________

indifferent

Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the _______

defeat in the Spanish Armada

The biggest disrupter of Native American life was ________

disease

Jamestown Economy

was not diversified

Sugar- the rich man's crop- because..

had to be planted extensively, required clearing of much land, required an elaborate refining process, was a capital-intensive business

Slavery began in ________

Virgina

West Indies

stopping point on way to America- trade, slaves, etc.

Fundamental Constitution of Carolina

like Mayflower compact- gave freedoms- written by Ashley Cooper

In the early 1600s, where were the first Spanish, British, and French settlements?

Santa Fe, Jamestown, and Quebec

Virgin Queen

Queen Elizabeth I because she never got married

Broad Acre Plantation System

plantations were spread out large amounts of land because tobacco ruined the soil

Yamasee Wars

early 1700s, Carolinians defeated most remaining Indians in soutern and Appalachin region