As a result of Roosevelt's embrace of the economic policies of John Maynard Keynes and the need for social welfare legislation, the term liberalism came to be associated with
Select one:
A. strong government and state ownership of industry.
B. strong busi
D. government intervention to guarantee citizens' basic welfare.
Between 1929 and 1932, U.S. gross domestic production fell by
Select one:
A. one-half.
B. one-third.
C. two-thirds.
D. one-quarter.
A. one-half.
Between 1935 and 1943, the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Select one:
A. supplied federal grants to hundreds of relief programs run by the states.
B. reached 90 percent of the unemployed, easing their suffering.
C. spent more than $100 billion on ext
D. paid civilians to build bridges, public buildings, parks, and airports.
By the 1960s, what part of Social Security had become the most controversial?
Select one:
A. Financial assistance for the blind, deaf, and disabled
B. Compensation for unemployed workers
C. Aid to Families with Dependent Children
D. Payments to widowed mo
C. Aid to Families with Dependent Children
By the time Congress recessed in June 1933, it had
Select one:
A. established policies that were supported by all.
B. founded agencies that were models of efficiency.
C. halted the downward spiral of the economy.
D. broke the grip of the depression.
C. halted the downward spiral of the economy.
Deciding that Roosevelt had not done enough to alleviate suffering, Francis Townsend called for
Select one:
A. bringing electricity to rural areas.
B. public works programs.
C. an old-age revolving pension plan.
D. taking money from the rich and giving it
C. an old-age revolving pension plan.
During the 1932 presidential campaign, Franklin Roosevelt promised
Select one:
A. bold, persistent experimentation.
B. a government takeover of the banks.
C. the firing of all radicals in government.
D. "a chicken in every pot.
A. bold, persistent experimentation.
In 1934, the Liberty League was organized by
Select one:
A. radicals who thought that the New Deal needed to be pushed farther to the left.
B. civil libertarians who wished to protect freedom of speech.
C. business leaders and conservative Democrats who o
C. business leaders and conservative Democrats who opposed New Deal reforms.
In the 1936 presidential election, Franklin D. Roosevelt
Select one:
A. lost.
B. won by a small margin.
C. won by a landslide.
D. was unopposed.
C. won by a landslide.
Hoover was hated during the Depression, partially because of the public perception that he
Select one:
A. refused to give the federal government a role in stabilizing agriculture.
B. was insensitive to people's suffering and was a do-nothing president.
C.
B. was insensitive to people's suffering and was a do-nothing president.
In the Bonus Army incident in Washington, D.C., in 1932, federal troops
Select one:
A. joined in sympathy with the gathered World War I veterans.
B. forcefully evicted the assembled veterans and burned their encampment.
C. arrested the demonstrators who b
B. forcefully evicted the assembled veterans and burned their encampment.
On what basis did the U.S. Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) in the Schechter v. United States decision?
Select one:
A. The program acted as a trust administered and funded by the federal government.
B. It used taxpayer
D. The NIRA illegally regulated commerce within individual states.
Ratified in 1933, the Twentieth Amendment
Select one:
A. allowed for the direct election of senators.
B. ended Prohibition.
C. set subsequent inaugurations for January 20.
D. created Social Security.
C. set subsequent inaugurations for January 20.
Roosevelt heeded John Maynard Keynes's advice and
Select one:
A. practiced deficit spending.
B. improved the Federal Reserve.
C. created the Good Neighbor Policy.
D. balanced the budget.
A. practiced deficit spending.
Roosevelt's Democratic coalition included
Select one:
A. business and organized labor.
B. the National Association of Manufacturers and American communists.
C. black and white voters in the South.
D. black northerners and white southerners.
D. black northerners and white southerners.
For southern black sharecroppers, the New Deal's AAA often meant that
Select one:
A. they received more land to farm.
B. they received significant federal support.
C. they were pushed off their land.
D. more were able to farm.
C. they were pushed off their land.
Senator Huey Long from Louisiana became a major political threat to Roosevelt when he called for
Select one:
A. a revival of the Populist Party and its demands.
B. a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.
C. more government fund
B. a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.
Herbert Hoover asked Americans to do which of the following in response to the economic downtown in 1929?
Select one:
A. Live a moral and righteous life.
B. Tighten their belts and work hard.
C. Ask not what their country could do for them, but what they
B. Tighten their belts and work hard.
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Select one:
A. enlisted equal numbers of young men and young women for its projects.
B. hired 250,000 young men to perform reforestation and conservation work.
C. displaced as many as two hundred thousand black tenant
B. hired 250,000 young men to perform reforestation and conservation work.
The Emergency Banking Act of 1933
Select one:
A. forced all banks to join the Federal Reserve System.
B. permitted banks with sufficient cash reserves to reopen.
C. put U.S. banks under temporary federal control.
D. created a national banking system of sa
B. permitted banks with sufficient cash reserves to reopen.
President Roosevelt differed from President Hoover because of
Select one:
A. a belief in the value of hard work, cooperation, and sacrifice.
B. his commitment to maintaining the nation's basic institutions.
C. his belief in the basic morality of a balance
D. his personal charisma and willingness to experiment.
The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Select one:
A. reversed the Dawes Severalty Act and promoted tribal self-government.
B. significantly improved the economic status of Native Americans.
C. dismantled reservations and forced Native Americans to assimil
A. reversed the Dawes Severalty Act and promoted tribal self-government.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Select one:
A. increased farm production to aid the hungry.
B. froze the prices of farm products.
C. provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production.
D. required new, higher income taxes on wealthy busin
C. provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production.
To avert further banking panics, during which accountholders raced to withdraw funds, the New Deal
Select one:
A. created the Home Owners Loan Corporation in 1933.
B. created the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934.
C. declared a bank holiday in 19
D. passed the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933.
What percentage of the U.S. labor force was unemployed by 1933?
Select one:
A. Five percent
B. Ten percent
C. Fifty percent
D. Twenty-five percent
D. Twenty-five percent
The largest New Deal project in the West was the construction of the
Select one:
A. Blue Ridge Parkway.
B. Grand Coulee Dam.
C. canals of San Antonio.
D. Hoover Dam.
B. Grand Coulee Dam.
What was the first action Roosevelt took to address the nation's economic crisis?
Select one:
A. Put people to work in the WPA
B. Closed all banks in a banking holiday
C. End Prohibition
D. Gave states money for relief
B. Closed all banks in a banking holiday
What was the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which the Roosevelt Congress empowered in 1934?
Select one:
A. To provide oversight for the Federal Reserve System
B. To regulate and rationalize the U.S. stock market
C. To oversee the
B. To regulate and rationalize the U.S. stock market
The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
Select one:
A. limited immigration from the Philippines to fifty thousand per year.
B. granted citizenship to all legal Filipino residents in the United States prior to 1934.
C. rescinded the Chinese Exclusion Act.
D. gran
D. granted independence to the Philippines.
What was the significance of the New Deal?
Select one:
A. The policies made the United States the largest creditor nation in the world.
B. The programs expanded the federal government's presence both in the economy and in people's lives.
C. It ended the J
B. The programs expanded the federal government's presence both in the economy and in people's lives.
Which American ideal caused many Americans to blame themselves for their plight?
Select one:
A. Protestant work ethic
B. Democracy
C. Republicanism
D. The self-made man
D. The self-made man
What was Franklin Roosevelt's attitude toward the federal government's provision of welfare payments to the unemployed?
Select one:
A. He opposed it vigorously and saw to it that New Deal programs never involved direct cash subsidies.
B. He had strong res
B. He had strong reservations about it, preferring to provide federally funded jobs over cash subsidies.
Which New Deal program offered tremendous encouragement and support to the labor union movement?
Select one:
A. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
B. Securities and Exchange Commission
C. National Industrial Recovery Act, especially Section 7(a)
D. Ten
C. National Industrial Recovery Act, especially Section 7(a)
Which of the following American philosophies influenced Herbert Hoover's initial response to the economic downturn in the early 1930s?
Select one:
A. Government should provide an economic safety net for the poorest of Americans.
B. Businesses have a respo
C. The market is self-regulating and government should not intervene during a downturn.
Which of the following caused the severe recession in 1937 and 1938?
Select one:
A. Congress increased funds for the WPA.
B. Roosevelt embraced deficit spending.
C. Roosevelt, Congress, and the Federal Reserve cut spending and attempted to balance the bud
C. Roosevelt, Congress, and the Federal Reserve cut spending and attempted to balance the budget.
Which of the following countries was the first to fall into a depression at the end of the 1920s?
Select one:
A. Sweden
B. Germany
C. Norway
D. The Soviet Union
B. Germany
Which New Deal agency was the most accommodating to women?
Select one:
A. The National Recovery Administration
B. The Civilian Conservation Corps
C. The Civil Works Administration
D. The Works Progress Administration
D. The Works Progress Administration
Which of the following groups greatly benefitted from the reforms of the New Deal?
Select one:
A. Single mothers
B. The unemployed
C. Domestic workers
D. Tenant farmers
B. The unemployed
Which of the following rendered the international monetary supply inflexible in the Great Depression during the 1930s?
Select one:
A. The outflow of capital
B. The gold standard
C. The trade deficit
D. Rising prices
B. The gold standard
Which of the following organizations did President Hoover create in 1931 to stimulate the economy through federal loans to major businesses in 1931 and 1932?
Select one:
A. The Economic Recovery Association
B. Works Progress Administration
C. Reconstructi
C. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Which of the following social movements grew tremendously as a result of the New Deal?
Select one:
A. Feminism
B. Industrial unionism
C. The civil rights movement
D. The movement for immigration reform
B. Industrial unionism
Which of the following was enacted by Democrats in order to disable Francis Townsend's support?
Select one:
A. The Good Neighbor Policy
B. Implementation of Keynesian economic policies
C. Job creation programs
D. Creation of the Social Security Administra
D. Creation of the Social Security Administration
Which of the following was Roosevelt's initial response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the NRA, the AAA, and other New Deal legislation were unconstitutional?
Select one:
A. He asked Congress to impeach several justices.
B. Roosevelt attempted to
B. Roosevelt attempted to pack the Court with his own nominees.
Which of these protests caused Hoover's popularity to plunge dramatically in 1932?
Select one:
A. Farm holiday protests
B. Bonus Army
C. Rent riots
D. Hunger marches
B. Bonus Army
Which of the following was true of minorities during the New Deal?
Select one:
A. Mexican Americans increasingly clung to their heritage and refused to Americanize.
B. African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
C. Discrimin
B. African Americans outside the South shifted their voting to the Democrats.
Which tariff, passed in 1930, raised rates to an all-time high, further deepening the worldwide depression?
Select one:
A. National Recovery
B. Kellogg-Briand
C. Mellon-Hoover
D. Smoot-Hawley
D. Smoot-Hawley
Who was the first woman cabinet member, who served as Secretary of Labor?
Select one:
A. Marion Anderson
B. Mary McLeod Bethune
C. Jane Addams
D. Frances Perkins
D. Frances Perkins
Why did Roosevelt drop a provision for national health insurance from the Social Security Act in 1935?
Select one:
A. He did not support national health care.
B. The bill's compulsory pension and unemployment were already controversial.
C. He proposed an
B. The bill's compulsory pension and unemployment were already controversial.
Who were Harold Ickes and Bernard Baruch?
Select one:
A. New Deal congressional representatives who worked diligently with Roosevelt
B. Union activists who lobbied Congress for reform
C. Photographers who chronicled the faces of the Depression
D. Two of F
D. Two of Franklin Roosevelt's chief Brains Trust advisors
Why did New Deal legislation pass scrutiny by the Supreme Court more easily in Roosevelt's second term?
Select one:
A. Conservatives on the Court altered their views of the Constitution.
B. Congress and the states passed some important amendments to the C
D. Liberals replaced several elderly conservative justices who retired.