405,400 people
how many Americans died in WWII
A. Philip Randolph
Who threatened to lead a march against Washington DC because of racial discrimination during WWII?
Adolf Hitler
leader of Nazi Party (National Socialist party) and Dictator of the German Empire
Allied Powers
Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States.
America First Committee
wants to stay out of the war and wants to send aid to Britain.
Anschluss
The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938.& violation of Treaty of Versailles
anti-semitism
Discrimination against Jews
appeasement
attempting to avoid conflict by making concessions and agreeing to part of the demands (giving Hitler what he wanted so he would stop aggression)
Arsenal of Democracy
FDR's justification for lending weapons to the British
Atlantic Charter
secret agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims for self-determination
Axis Alliance
alliance between germany, italy, and japan because they all wanted empires and they were totalitarian
Battle of Britain
only battle to ever be fought completely in the air, Germany tries to subdue England with massive air attacks
Battle of Midway
U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.
Battle of Stalingrad
a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union thanks to harsh winter --> turning point of war in Eastern Europe
Battle of the Atlantic
long fight to control the ocean trade routes between German U-Boats & USA --> 1943: Allies win thanks to refined radar
Battle of the Bulge
Germany's last battle
Benito Mussolini
fascist dictator of Italy, Il Duce -- the Leader
Berlin Airlift
Truman's response to Stalin cutting off West Berlin
Big Three
Stalin, FDR, Churchill
blitzkrieg
German for lightning war; the swift attacks launched by Germany in World War II
Cash and carry
A policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.
Chamberlin
English prime minister, appeased Hitler @ Munich
Charles de Gaulle
led the Free French and backed the underground Resistance movement in France.
Charles Drew
Invented blood banks
Cold War
US versus USSR 1946-1988
Collaboration
to work together with other nations.
Concentration Camps
places where political prisoners are confined.
Containment
Surround Soviet satellites to prevent Communist expansion
Czechoslovakia
home od sedatan land (Hitler demanded it)
D-day
June 6, 1944 Allies land on the beaches in Normandy, France and go on the offensive to drive Hitler's forces back into Germany
D-Day/Operation Overlord
June 6th 1944, Allied forces under Dwight d. Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy in history's greatest naval invasion --> surrounded Germ. to force surrender
June 6, 1944
Dday
Dec. 7, 1941
What was the date of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
Dec. 8, 1941
When did the US declare war on Japan?
desert fox
Rommel (German general)
Destroyer for bases deal
Deal between Roosevelt and Churchill where Roosevelt gave Britain 50 old destroyers for the right to build bases in British territory in the Americas.
dictator
governmental leader who has absolute control
Disarmament
reducing or eliminating military weapons
Domino theory
Once communism gets a foothold, everything around it falls as well
Doolittle
1st American hero, bombing raid in Tokoyo
Douglas MacArthur
Commander of the Allied forces on the Philippine islands
draft
Selective service
Dunkirk
the British military is trapped on the French coast but using civilian and military ships manages to evacuate most of its army - considered a miracle
Dunkirk
English army rescued (civilians helped) against English channel
Dwight D Eisenhower
General who commanded troops in North Africa
Enola Gay
the name of the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.
Erwin Rommel
The Desert Fox. Commander of the Axis forces/ Afrika Korps in North Africa; esteemed Nazi general who tried to assassinate Hitler;
Executive order of 9066
Feb, 1942, signed by FDR and authorized the exclusion of more than 112,000 Japanese --> internment camps
Fascism
Hitler and Italy's Mussolini governed by a philosophy to authority of the leader over a individual.
fascism (fascist)
Militarily dominated government which controls all aspects of society
fatman & little boy
nicknames of A-bombs
FDR's four freedoms
1. Freedom of speech and expression
2. Freedom of religion
3. Freedom from want
4. Freedom from fear
Final Solution
Hitler's plan to kill all the Jews in Europe
France
Invaded and occupied by Germany until Allies came to the rescue: D-day
France, GB, China, USA & Soviet Union
awarded seats to the UN
Francisco Franco
led the Nationalists to form its own government.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
President of the US during Great Depression and start of World War II
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32 President, fought Great Depression by his New Deal, and battled congress over Supreme court control.
General Douglas MacArthur
One of the most-known American military leaders of WWII --> liberated the Philippines and made the Japanese surrender at Tokyo in 1945
George Marshall
army chief of staff, stayed in DC
George Patton
general always in trouble
ghetto
restricted areas of European cities that kept Jews separated from others
GI
an abbreviation of Government Issue .
GI Bill of Rights
the Servicemen's Readjustment Act
Great Britain & USA
signed Atlantic charter
Great Britain and Soviet Union
Who received Lend Lease supplies from the US?
Greece and Turkey
What necessitated the Truman Doctrine
Harry S. Truman
33 President, authorized use of atomic bomb, and signed Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe. FDR's vice president made the decision to drop the Atomic bomb on Japan
Hideki Tojo
Prime minister of Japan during World War II
Hirohito
emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989)
Hiroshima
1st Japanese city to be bombed by an atomic bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
On what two cities were the atomic bombs dropped during WWII?
Holocaust
the organized killing of European Jews and others by the Nazis during WWII
humvs (hummers)
yesterday's jeeps,
income tax
deducted from American paychecks, 1942
Internment Camps
Used to hold Japanese-American citizens due to fear of spies and sabateurs during WWII
Interventionism
becoming involved in the affairs of another person or country.
Iron Curtain
Eastern Europe under Soviet control
island-hopping
an Allied tactic where only certain islands were targeted for attack in the Pacific - these islands had strategic significance
isolationism
withdrawing from world affairs
Iwo Jima
Bloody but crucial win since it was the last stage in the American island hoping campaign to defeat the Japanese army.
J Robert Oppenheimer
developed the atomic bomb
Japan
population boom, no resources, aggressive country
Japanese Americans
9066, people placed in internment camps
Josef Stalin
leader of Soviet Union, also worked with Roosevelt and Churchill during WWII.
kamikaze
towards the end of WWII Japanese pilots conducted suicide missions, crashing their planes into ships to sink them
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Outlawed war in 1928
Korematsu v. USA
Japanese Internment was constitutional because individual or group rights may be limited to protect national security
kristallnacht
(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.
Lend lease
Program where U.S. supplied Allies vast amounts of war material during WWII --> ended the neutrality between Germany and the US
Liberty Ship
large, sturdy merchant ships that carried supplies or troops.
LLSS
loose lips sink ship
Luftwaffe
German air force
MacArthur
famous for Island Hopping
Manchuria
China's industrial northern province, invaded by Japan in 1931 --> League of Nations could not execute authority on countries that didn't recognize it -->US not willing to blockade Japan due to need for trade during Great Depression
Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II
Mao-Tse-Tung & Chang Tse-Tung
Chinese leaders, enemy before war & civil war after
Marshall Plan
$ for rebuilding Europe would hold off instability, anarchy, and communism
meeting at Yalta
founded UN, divided Germany & divided Berlin
Mexico
seized American oil in 1938, no military action
mobilization
the gathering of resources and preparation for war.
Munich Conference
1938; Chamberlain, France and other countries (not the USSR) --> appeasement: agreed that Sudentenland should be ceded to Germany if Hitler promised to end expansion --> Chamberlain thought he secured peace with Germany.
Munich Pact
Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Germany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed peace in our time
Nagasaki
Location hit by the second atomic bomb 3 days after Hiroshima --> killed 40,000 --> Japan surrenders
National War Labor Board
helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production.
NATO
Collective security to meet the Russian threat
Navajo Language
used to create secret code that Japanese never broke
Neutrality Act of 1939
allowed European nations to buy war materials from U.S. on a cash-and-carry basis
Neutrality Acts
Effort in the 1930s to avoid making the same mistakes that got the USA into WWI
Neville Chamberlain
British Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)
Neville Chamberlain
British prime minister and pursued a policy of appeasement.
Nisei
What were Japanese Americans who were born in the US called?
non-aggression pact
Agreement between Germany and Russia not to fight each other
Nuremberg trials
trials of high ranking German officials for war crimes
Office of Price Administration
WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation
Office of Scientific Research and Development
WWII agency contributes $100Ms to scientific projects like Manhattan, radar, sonar, etc
Okinawa
last land Pacific battle before abomb
Parochial
USA's view of the world in 1920; abandoned 1945
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 -Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii - this brings the US into WWII
Phony War
after fall of Poland, French and British troops wait for German attack along the Maginot line
Poland
Invasion of this nation by Hitler led to Allies declaring war on Germany
Potsdam Conference
Here Germany was officially divided into zones - The Eat versus West standoff had begun
Price Freeze, increased income tax, war bonds, rationing
What steps were taken to prevent high inflation in the US during WWII?
propaganda
misleading information designed to sway ones opinion
quarantine speech
Act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 --> FDR showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.
rationed
butter, sugar, gasoline, tires...
rationing
The limiting of the amounts of goods people can buy - often imposed by governments during wartime.
Reparations
Payments losers make to winners after wars
Resistance
to hold off or not to give in.
Rhineland
Hitler looked to see if he can remilitarize the Rhineland.
Rosie the Riveter
poster for womens role in the workforce
Rosie the Riveter
Propaganda tool to character who encouraged women to take factory jobs.
Selective Service Act
1st peace time draft
Selective Service System
The system used in the United States to draft young people into armed service. Though the United States at present has no draft, young men are required by law to register with the Selective Service when they reach the age of eighteen.
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland (WWII starts)
Soviet Union
recognized in 1933 by USA after broken ties
striking at the underbelly
an Allied battle plan attacking the Axis powers through Italy - divides Hitler's forces and draws attention away from Normandy in preparation for D-day
The Berlin Blockade
June 1948 to May 1949
The Cold War
1946 to 1990
The death of President Roosevelt
April 12, 1945
The establishment of the Marshall plan
June 1947
The establishment of the Truman doctrine
March 1947
The French Resistance
after Germany takes control of the French government, these French citizens disrupt the German military so as to help the allied war effort
The Korean War
1950 to 1953
The Potsdam conference
July 1945
The Yalta conference
February 1945
Tojo
wartime leader, prime minister of Japan
Totalitarian
exerts total control over a nation.
Truman Doctrine
Defined containment
Tuskegee Airmen
all black unit of fighter pilots. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. won many awards for bravery and never lost a single pilot
ultimatum
a final choice
unconditional surrender
surrendering to your enemies on their terms - no negotiations
US Foriegn Policy in the 1930's
Isolationism
US oil embargo against Japan
1941: US attempt to stop aggressions of Japan against neighbors
V-E Day
May 8, 1945; Signaled the end to WWII
veto power
the ability to stop any proposed UN action by voting no
Victory Garden
home vegetable garden planted to add to the home food supply and replace farm produce sent to feed the soldiers.
victory over Axis Powers & over racism
African Americans fought for double V
VJ Day
What was the Japanese surrender in the Pacific called?
WAACs
The Women's Army Axillary Corps , Women being in the army changed their roles in society and gained them new respect.
War Bonds
How the US financed WWII
War Production Board
Converted factories from civilian to military production. Manufacturing output tripled. Ex: Ford
WAVES
women in navy
WAX
women army core
WAX & WAVES
2 biggest women's branches
Wendyl Wilkee
FDR's pres. opponent in 1940 (from indiana)
wind talkers
pacific Navaho warriors nickname
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII
Women
Who worked in industry after many of the men who normally worked those jobs were sent overseas?
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting between Allied leaders; FDR, Churchill, and Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war, signs that US Britain feared future Communist expansion. Russia agreed to fight Japan but claimed East Europe as its own
Zoot Suit
Clothing worn by Mexican-Americans which used lots of material
Zoot suit riots
racial conflict, California youth riot