Ohio idea
idea that greenbacks should be exchanged for gold, in order to keep the interest rates low on poorer farmers
Jubilee Jim" Fisk and Jay Gould
devised a plot to drastically raise the price of the gold market in 1869. On "Black Friday," September 24, 1869, the two bought a large amount of gold, planning to sell it for a profit. In order to lower the high price of gold, the Treasury was forced to
Black Friday
Sept 24, 1869 the result of the Fisk and Gould scandal, the collapse of the market.
Boss Tweed
employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to milk New York of as much as $200 million. He then went to prison.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed the Credit Mobilier construction company and then hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning high dividends. When it was found out that government officials were paid stay quiet about the
Whiskey Ring
a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
William Belknap
Secretary of War who resigned after pocketing bribes from suppliers to the Indian reservations
Liberal Republican Party
was created In response to disgust of the political corruption in Washington and of military Reconstruction.met in Cincinnati and chose Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate for the election of 1872. caused the Republican Congress to pass a gener
Horace Greeley
pres candidate of the Liberal Republican Party
Panic of 1873
Over-speculating was the primary cause, Too many people had taken out loans of which they were unable to pay back due to lack of profit from where they had invested their money.
Resumption Act of 1875
required the government to continue to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and to redeem all paper currency in gold at face value beginning in 1879.
Contraction
policy made when the Treasury began to accumulate gold stocks against the appointed day for the continuation of metallic money payments
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican pres candidate in the election of 1876.
Samuel J. Tilden
Democrat pres candidate in the election of 1876.
Compromise of 1877
In exchange for votes for the Republican presidential candidate, Republicans agreed to end military occupation of the South. Ended Reconstruction.
Electoral Count Act of 1877
passed by Congress in 1877, set up an electoral commission consisting of 15 men selected from the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the Supreme Court. It was made to determine which party would win the election. The committee finally determined, w
Civil Rights cases decision
Decision in which the Supreme Court allowed segregation by saying that the 14th amendment only prohibited government denial of civil rights, not denial by individuals.
Redeemers
white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community
Crop lien system
storekeepers extended credit to small farmers for food and suppliers and in return took a lien on their harvests
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites in public places
Plessy v. Ferguson
sumpreme court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal
The Great Railroad Strike
Strike by railroad workers in 1877 that ended in the deaths of over one hundred people when Hayes called in federal troops to suppress the unruly laborers.
Denis Kearney
Irishman who incited followers to violently abuse Chinese.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
act that prohibited all further immigration from China.
James A. Garfield
Republican candidate in the presidential election of 1880.
Chester A. Arthur
VP of Garfield, also was a former Stalwart.
Winfield Scott Hancock
The democratic opponent of Garfield in the election of 1880 as a Civil War hero.
Charles Guiteau
A U.S. lawyers and a stalwart. He killed Garfield and led to people thinking that Conkling killed Garfield
Pendleton Act of 1883
Bill that outlawed compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees and established the Civil Service Commission.
Grover Cleveland
22th president, only President to serve two non- consecutive terms.
Benjamin Harrison
called "Young Tippecanoe" because of grandfather William Henry Harrison. Republican elected president in 1888. Opponent, Grover Cleveland. had more popular votes but Harrison put in office because of more electoral votes; pro-business, protariff
Thomas Reed
republican speaker of the house who dominated billion dollar congress
McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
raised tariffs and forced farmers to buy expensive products from American manufacturers, while selling their own goods in a competitive world market. Caused republican party to become unpopular
Populists
also known as The People's party . formed from frustrated farmers in the agricultural belts of the West and South
Homestead Strike
when Carnegie and his chief lieutenant Frick repeatedly cut wages at the Homestead plant, the union Amalgamated, which first acquiesced, was given two days to accept another wage cut, or call for a strike. The union chose to strike.
James B. Weaver
Former Union General nominated for pres. by populist party
Depression of 1893
lasted 4 years. due to over building and speculation, labor disoders, and ongoing agricultural depression. also, free silver agitation damaged American credit abroad. 8,000 businesses collapsed in 6 months
JP Morgan
wall street banker that financed railroads, banks, and insurance companies