The Negro Problem
WEB Du Bois- describes double consciousness as you exist as a negro and an american in two different people to different souls in two consciousnesses. Du bois takes a more agressive approach as an elitist version of racial progression. Focuses more on emo
Double Consciousness
a concept conceived by W. E. B. Du Bois to describe the two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers, which are constantly maintained by African Americans.
The Color Line
the relation of the darker to lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in American and the islands of the sea."
Used as a reference to the racial segregation that existed in the United States after the abolition of slavery.
The veil
W.E.B. DuBois divides 2 worlds, can be seen through or moved, double consciousness
The Freedmen's Bureau
This is a reconstruction agency that was established in order to protect the legal rights of former slaves. It also assisted the former slaves with education,jobs, health care, and landowning.
President Andrew Johnson
he hated rich planters and got strong voter support from white southerners, he first served Tennessee as governor, then in Congress, was the only southern senator to remain in Congress after secession, became President after Lincoln was assassinated and w
Thirteenth Amendment
1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.
Fourteenth Amendment
the constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that states, "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or pr
Fifteenth Amendment
Ratified 1870 - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage.
Opposition to Negro Education in the South
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Booker T Washington
A Southern black born into slavery, he promoted economic independence knowing that whites were not ready to accept blacks as equals. Founded Tuskegee Institute for vocational and industrial training. Speech "Atlanta Exposition" was referred to as "Atlanta
Atlanta Compromise
Argument put forward by Booker T. Washington that African-Americans should not focus on civil rights or social equality but concentrate on economic self-improvement
Revolution of 1876
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Three things which Booker T Washington asked the black people to give up
1. Political power
2. Insistence on civil rights
3. Higher education of Negro youth
Three things which Booker T Washington asked the black people to focus on
1. Industrial education
2. Accumulation of wealth
3. Conciliation of the South
Results of Booker T Washington's ideology
1. The disfranchisement of the Negro
2. The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro.
3. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro.
The Triple Paradox of Washington's Career
1.
2.
3.
Two group of black people who opposed Mr. Washington's Condition in the Triple Paradox
1. The class spiritually descended from Toussaint through Gabriel, Vesey, and Turner.
2. The Intellects
What the second group of black people want
1. The right to vote
2. Civic equality
3. The education of youth according to ability
Attitudes of Southern whites towards blacks
1. The ignorant hates the Negro
2. The workingmen fear the Negro's competition
3. The money-makers wish to use the Negro as a laborer.
4. Some of the educated see a menace in the Negro's upward development.
5. Others, usually the sons of the masters, wish
A few good things which Booker T Washington did
He sent memorials to the Louisiana and Alabama constitutional conventions, spoken against lynching, and in other ways has openly or silently set his influence against sinister schemes and unfortunate happenings.
The distinct impression left by Mr. Washington's propaganda
1. The South is justified in its present attitude toward the Negro because of the Negro's degradation.
2. The prime cause of the Negro's failure to rise more quickly is his wrong education in the past.
3. The Negro's future rise depends primarily on his o
Du Bois' arguments against the impressions made by Washington's propaganda
1. Slavery and race-prejudice are potent if not sufficient causes of the Negro's position.
2. Industrial and common-school training were necessarily slow in planting because they had to await the black teachers trained by higher institutions
3. While it i
Du Bois' argument for the function of the Negro college
1. It must maintain the standards of popular education.
2. It must seek the social regeneration of the Negro.
3. It must help in the solution of problems of race contact and cooperation.
4. Finally, it must develop men.
The Black Belt
A strip that was all cotton producing with slaves
The Cotton Kingdom
term for the South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product.