President Herbert Hoover's Response to the Great Depression
� President Herbert Hoover was a Republican President; he believed in laissez-faire capitalism - that the government should not intervene in the market and that the market would fix itself
� When the stock market crashed in 1929, President Herbert Hoover
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Its Purpose
� The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created during the Great Depression - it was created to protect the savings accounts of Americans
� The FDIC was created in 1933 in response to the thousands of bank failures that occurred in the 1920
A Major Cause of the Great Depression
� A major cause of the Great Depression was the economic factor of purchasing stocks on credit
� To purchase on credit is to buy with borrowed money
� When an individual buys a stock, he is investing in a company - the company may succeed or the company m
The Group that Most Strongly Opposed Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal
� President Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president after Herbert Hoover - unlike Hoover, FDR believed that government must intervene in the economy in times of great crisis
� So, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt used the government and its money to
Two Causes of the Dust Bowl
� The Dust Bowl was the name given to the Great Plains region devastated by drought in 1930s depression-ridden America
� When drought struck from 1934 to 1937, the soil lacked the stronger root system of grass as an anchor, so the winds easily picked up t
The Purpose of the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s
� Throughout much of its history, the United States has heeded the words of George Washington and "steered clear of alliances" - the United States has followed a policy of neutrality
� However, during World War I, the United States became involved in the
Hoovervilles
� In the early years of the Great Depression, many Americans lost their jobs and were unable to pay their rents and became homeless
� Some Americans built shanties or poorly built shacks or small homes and lived in shantytowns
� In the 1930s, shantytowns
Characteristics of an Economic Depression
� High unemployment and overproduction are characteristics of an economic depression
� A business cycle consists of good times or times of expansion but also of bad times or times of contraction
� A depression is a severe economic contraction - during a d
Why Congress Refused to Enact President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Court-Packing Plan
� President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the New Deal or policies and programs to solve the crisis of the Great Depression
� But many of his policies and programs were found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
� So, FDR wanted to change the Supreme Cou
The Purpose of Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and Works Progress Administration (WPA)
� New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help unemployed workers
� The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) had two goals: the conservation of America's natural r
Why Women and Minorities Made Economic Gains during World War II
� During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace
� Yes, many American men had to fight in World War II and this provided opportunities to women and mi
A Major Cause of the Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II
� Two months after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 ordering all Japanese-Americans to evacuate the West Coast
� This resulted in the relocation of approximately 120,000 people, many of
The Harlem Renaissance
� The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's was a period when African Americans created noteworthy works of art and literature
� The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end
The Difficulties in Enforcing Prohibition
� Public disregard for Prohibition and for laws prohibiting gambling indicate that attempts to legislate public morality may be met with strong resistance
� Americans want the freedom to make their own choices regarding what they drink, what they eat, and
The Sacco and Vanzetti Trial
� Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants and radicals - they believed in ideas that differed from American capitalism
� Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of murder
� But in their trial, the judge was prejudiced - he did not like Italians
� Sacco and
The Scopes Trial
� John Scopes was a biology teacher - John Scopes taught about evolution and in Tennessee, the teaching of evolution was illegal according to state law
� John Scopes was arrested and went to trial - he was found guilty
� But the trial - also known as the
A Result of Prohibition
� A major result of Prohibition in the United States during the 1920s was an increase in organized crime
� As many Americans still wanted to purchase and drink alcohol and as alcohol was illegal, Americans turned to illegal suppliers of alcohol or crimina
Flappers
� A flapper was a young woman in the 1920s who dressed and behaved in a way that was considered very modern - she smoked and drank and wore short dresses in public - she challenged traditional values and cut her hair short - flappers danced at jazz clubs
The Red Scare of the 1920's and McCarthyism in the 1950's
� A Red Scare in American history is a fear of American communists and the fear that American communists will lead a revolution and destroy the American way of life
� During the 1920's, there was a Red Scare in the country because Russia had experienced a
A Main Purpose of Government-Ordered Rationing during World War II
� World War II required many American soldiers to fight the war
� As soldiers need food and supplies, many of America's resources had to go to the soldiers to help the soldiers win the war
� This meant that Americans at home could not get every product th
U.S. Foreign Policy at the Beginning of World War II
� At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United States should continue the policy of isolationism
� This is not surprising - since George Washington's Farewell Address, Americans have been warned to "steer clear of allian
Korematsu v. United States
� After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941, the American government suspected Japanese Americans of helping the enemy - the nation of Japan
� Of course, this was terribly unfair as Italian Americans and German Americans were not suspected of helping
African Americans after World War II - Goals to End Segregation
� The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to increase efforts to end racial discrimination
� African Americans served valiantly and bravely in World War II - they sacrificed
The Manhattan Project
� Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to work on the development of an atomic bomb
� The Manhattan Project was a government research project (1942-45) that produced the first atomic bomb
� In 1943, a laborato
The Sale of War Bonds during World War II
� To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the sale of war bonds
� A bond is a loan to a government or a corporation - an investor loans money to the government or a corporation and is repaid over time with interest
� A
The Louisiana Purchase
� The Louisiana Territory was sold to the United States - Napoleon sold the territory to fund his wars in Europe and after the French colony of Haiti gained its independence in the Caribbean
� The Louisiana Territory included full control of the Mississip
The Mayflower Compact
� The "Mayflower Compact" was signed in 1620 onboard the Mayflower - a ship bringing the Pilgrims to North America - shortly after the ship came to anchor off Provincetown Harbor
� It was the first framework of government written and enacted in the territ
Checks and Balances
� By creating three branches of government, the framers of the Constitution built a "check and balance" system into the Constitution
� This system was built so that no one branch of our government could become too powerful
� To check is to limit - therefo
Schenck v. United States
� Schenck was a man arrested for distributing flyers to draftees of World War I - he encouraged men to not fight in WWI
� His case went to the Supreme Court - he argued that it was his First Amendment right - that he had a right to speak against the war
�
Marbury v. Madison
� In this Supreme Court case, the principle of judicial review was established
� Judicial review is the principle that the Supreme Court has the power to declare a law unconstitutional
� Yes, the significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison i
Plessy v. Ferguson
� The Jim Crow legal system, which expanded in the South after Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), was based on the Supreme Court's interpretation of the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment
� In this Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that segregation w
The Monroe Doctrine
� A major reason for the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) was to prevent further European colonization in the Caribbean region
� The Monroe Doctrine stated that the Americas were closed to future colonization - that Europe must stay out of the Ameri
Andrew Jackson and the Spoils System
� During the presidency of Andrew Jackson, the spoils system resulted in elected officials rewarding their supporters with government jobs
� Under the spoils system, government jobs are given to supporters of the President - the idea was that more America
Monopolists
� J.P. Morgan - like John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie - was a monopolist
� A monopolist is a single seller dominating a market - leading to higher prices
� J.P. Morgan was one of the most powerful bankers of his era
� He financed railroads and orga
Eight Hours for Work, Eight Hours for Sleep, Eight Hours for What We Will
� The slogan "Eight hours for work, eight hours for sleep, eight hours for what we will" was used in the late 1800s to promote a major goal of organized labor
� Workers worked long hours - sometimes 14 to 16 hours every day
� Workers organized in unions -
Robber Baron
� A robber baron is an insulting term for a monopolist
� It suggests that a monopolist use unfair business practices and corruption to become the single seller in the market
� The term robber baron was used to criticize the tactics of big-business leaders
Effects from Rural to Urban Lifestyles
� To move from the countryside to the city is a big change - rural life is more traditional; city life is more modern
� Urbanization is movement to cities
� As more Americans moved to cities, cities were often unprepared for so many people, so many new ar
Goals of the Grangers
� The Grange Movement was a movement to help the nation's farmers
� A main goal of the Granger movement of the 1870's and 1880's was to force the railroads to lower freight rates
� Farmers depended on railroads to move their crops to markets
� Railroads o
Why Did Most Immigrants to the United States Settle in Cities?
� The "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe settled in cities in the United States
� Factory jobs in cities attracted the "New Immigrants"
� Yes, at the turn of the century, most immigrants to the United States settled in cities because jobs w
Nativism
� Nativism is an anti-immigrant attitude
� It is hostility to immigrants
� "Help Wanted - Irish Need Not Apply" is an example of nativism
� It is discrimination against immigrants
� Immigrants often faced discrimination in the United States
The Gentlemen's Agreement, Literacy tests, and the Quota System
� Due to nativism or an anti-immigrant attitude, immigrants from certain countries were discouraged from entering the United States
� The Gentlemen's Agreement limited immigration from Japan
� Literacy tests were administered to immigrants and if an immig
The "New Immigrants
� The "New Immigrants" were immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
� The "New Immigrants" faced discrimination because their cultures, languages, and religions differed from the "Old Immigrants" - mostly Protestants from Northern Europe
� The "New Im
U.S. Imperialism
� The United States policy that is most closely associated with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines is imperialism
� Imperialism occurs when a strong country conquers a weaker region
� The United States gained the colony of the Philippines from S
Yellow Journalism and the Spanish-American War
� Yellow Journalism is to exaggerate the news to sell more newspapers
� Yellow journalists created support for the Spanish-American War by writing articles about the sinking of the United States battleship Maine in Havana Harbor
� Yellow journalists blame
The Sixteenth Amendment - Income Tax
� An income tax is the type of federal tax that was authorized by the 16th amendment in 1913
� The 16th amendment empowered Congress to impose an income tax on individuals and corporations
� Representative William Sulzer of New York, a supporter of the ta
Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair
� Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair were muckrakers - they were writers who exposed injustices in society
� Jacob Riis wrote about the poor in cities in his How the Other Half Lives
� Upton Sinclair wrote about unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industr
The Panamanian revolt, the Russo-Japanese war, National Parks - Teddy Roosevelt
� President Teddy Roosevelt is remembered for many actions - like ordering construction of the Panama canal and establishing national parks
� Teddy Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War and won a Nobel Peace Prize
� Teddy R
The Purpose of the Meat Inspection Act
� The Federal Meat Inspection Act authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect, and condemn, any meat product found unfit for human consumption and was designed to work in combination with the Pure Food and Drug Act
� The 1906 Meat Inspection Act me
Muckrakers
� Muckrakers were writers who exposed political and economic corruption and social hardships
� Muckrakers wrote about the unsafe and unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, the lives of the urban poor, the monopolistic practices of robber baron
Anti-Communist or Anti-Red Sentiments during the 1950s
� The Cold War began after World War II as two new superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union - competed for power and influence in the world
� During the Cold War, there was a fear of communism in the United States, a fear that communism would