The mood after the Civil War was isolationism. Define isolationosm.
a desire to stay out of economic and political interests and/or conflicts of other countries; avoiding involvement in world affairs.
Imperialism
the use of diplomatic or military force to extend a nation's power and enhance its economic interests, often bh acquiring territory or colonies and justifyig such behavior with assumptions of racial superiority.
What were the motives for imperialism? Describe the factors that motivated America's new imperialism after the Civil War.
� "Manifest Destiny" and national glory
� Racial superiority, fueled by Social Darwinism
� Christian evangelism
� Demand for raw materials and new markets
� Access to naval bases and coaling stations
� to prevent other nations from acquiring colonies
The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1660-1783)
1890 historical woek in which Rear Admiral AlfredThayer Mahan argues that a nation's greatness and prosperity comes from the power of it's navy; the book helped bolster imperialist sentiment in the U.S. in the late 19th century.
Explain why and how America expanded its influence in the Pacific before the Spanish-American War (War of 1898).
The Alaska Purchase and the annexation of Hawaii
How did the U.S. acquire Alaska?
U.S. and Russia were interested in Alaska's rich natural resources and lack of inhabitants. As Russia became less interested with its defeat of the Crimean War, they offered to sell Alaska to the U.S. in 1859 for $7.2 million. U.S. acquired Russia on Octo
Who was Queen Lilluokalani and how the U.S. acquired Hawaii (1897)?
� in 1891, this person tried to restore "Hawaii for the Hawaiians" by restricting the growing political power exercised by U.S. planter in the islands by placing restrictions on land ownership
� 2 years later Hawaii's white popolation revolted and overthr
Why did the U.S. want the Hawaiian Islands?
� location was halfway between California and Japan
� good location for whaling ships
� valuable refueling station
� American planters wanted control in Hawaii
What were the consequences of imperialism?
� Spanish-American War (1899):
- End of Spain's New World empire
- Ill will between Latin American nationalists and U.S. troops
� Phillippine-American War (1899-1902)
- Exposed America's pro-colonist leanings
- Formation of American Anti-imperialist Leagu
Explain the causes of the Spanish-American War (War of 1898), and describe its major events.
� Yellow journalism, the de L�me letter, and the sinking of the /Maine/
� A declaration of war, and the Teller Amendment
� Commodore Deway's naval victory at Manila Bay
� American victories in Santiago and Puerto Rico
� Terms of the peace treaty
yellow journalism
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer published sensational stories and used this form of journalism to promote the Spanish-American War. This is a type of journalism that intentionally manipulates pulic opinion through sensational healines, illustr
de Lome letter
private correspondance written by tyhe Spanish ambassador to the U.S., Dupy de Lomem that described President McKinley as "weak"; the letter was stolen by Cuban revolutionaries and published in the New York Journal, deepening American resentment of Spain
U.S.S. Maine (1898)
American battleship/warship that exploded in the Cuban port of Havana on January 25, 1898; though later discovered to be the result of an accident, the destruction of the Maine was attributed by war-hungry Americans to Spain, contributing to the onset of
What vessel exploded in the Havanna Harbor prompting the U.S. entrance into conflict in the Spanish-American War?
U.S.S. Maine (1898)
What is another name for the War of 1898?
Spanish-American War
What was the Teller Amendment of 1898?
A law passed by Congress that said the US promised not to annex Cuba, but to liberate it as an independent state. The U.S. should defend the island of Cuba from Spain. Thus, the US claimed to be fighting the war not for selfish gain, but to liberate an op
Why did Theodore Roosevelt order Commodore Dewey to take Manila?
The sinking of the battleship Maine in Havana's harbor on February 15, 1898, left the assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, convinced that the fault lay with the Spanish. He was positive that the explosion was no accident-that Maine wa
What role did Filipino nationalists leader Emilio Aguinaldo play?
� The demand for liberation from Spain had been escalating in the Philippines.
� He was eager to fight for the cause of Philippine independence rather than a change in colonial rulers.
Why were many Americans opposed to the aquisition of the Phillippines?
� The Americans proved mysteriously reluctant to go after defeat of the Spanish, despite fierce criticism from their own anti-imperialists at home.
� were against Imperialism; they believed that it was against our Constitution (we are taking over free cou
What territories were acquired that made up America's empire?
� Alaska purchase 1867 from Russia
� Annexation of Hawaii (1898); Wake Island (1898); Eastern Samoa Islands (1899)
What was the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) ?
declaring that it was the responsibility of the U.S. to ensure stability in Latin America and The Caribbean.
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (from 1901 to 1909) was a substantial alteration (called an "amendment") of the Monroe Doctrine by
Rough Riders
the first voluntary Calvary, led in the Spanish-American War by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt; victorious in their only engagement , the Battle of San Juan Hill.
Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
In my regiment nine-tenths of the men were better than I was, and probably two-thirds of them better shots than I was, while on the average they were certainly hardier and more enduring. Yet after I had had them a very short while they all knew, and I kn
What started the Spanish-American War (1898)?
� A U.S. navy ship, U.S.S. Maine was blown up, and many believed it was Spain, so the Americans insisted the war happen with exclamations like, "Remember the Maine!" and "Free Cuba!"
� The American press said the Spanish were to blame; an explosion of the
What caused most of the casualties in the Spanish-American War? What single factor led to the greatest number of US deaths during the Spanish- American War?
� Disease-Malaria, typhoid, dysentery, and yellow fever plagued American troops, who were fighting in the tropics for the first time in US history.
� Although the US defeated the Spanish army handily, disease came close to defeating the US Army.
What were the consequences of the Spanish-American War for American foreign policy?
� America ascends to the world stage and redefines "manifest destiny"
�
What were the American motives for annexation and further expansion in the Pacific?
� The switch to imperialist behavior and the taking of colonies that happened in 1898 has been a topic of great historical attention. After all, the US has generally claimed to be against colonies, and an advocate of freedom, democracy, and self-governmen
Philippine-American War
armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were des
American Anti-Imperialist League
(1899) An organization of prominent Americans including Mark Twain, Samuel Gompers and Andrew Carnegie, founded to oppose the occupation of the Philippines after the Spanish American War. The group remained active until 1921 opposing most American interve
Open Door Policy
Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.
What were the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt's rapid rise to the presidency?
� the assassination of William McKinley
� young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House, and won a second term on his own merits in 1904.
� he confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor head-on and became known a
What were Theodore Roosevelt's main elements of his foreign policies, and those of his successors in relation to Latin America?
Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine (and created the Roosevelt Corollary) as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs in the Caribbean and South America.
Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick Diplomacy
The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
Why did America want to build the Panama Canal?
it would cut the travel distance between San Francisco and New York City by almost 8,000 miles
the Americans wanted to gain access to the Pacific Ocean
How did the U.S. government interfere with Colombian politics in an efort to gain control of the Panama Canal zone?
With the support of the U.S. government with military-backed rebels against Columbia, Panama issues a declaration of independence from Colombia. The revolution was engineered by a Panamanian faction backed by the Panama Canal Company, a French-U.S. corpor
Analyze the consequences of the Spanish-American War for American for American foreign policy?
� America ascends to the world stage and redefines "manifest destiny"
� American motives for annexation and further expansion in the Pacific
� Philippines annexation
� Outbreak of War with Filipino nationalists
� "Open Door" policy
Describe the reasons for Theodore Roosevelt's rapid rise to the presidency, evaluate the main elements of his foreign policies, and those of his successors in relation to Latin America.
� Roosevelt's "strenuous life" and early political success
� Roosevelt's election as vice president and Mckinley's assassination
� "a great big boy" with a "bully pulpit"
� Taking the Panama Canal Zone
� The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
� Ne