What are the causes of the Civil war?
States' Rights
The Missouri Compromise
The Dred Scott Decision
The Abolitionist Movement
Abolitionist John Brown
John Brown's Raid On Harpers Ferry
Slavery In America
Harriet Tubman
Underground Railroad
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Secessionism
Slavery Facts
Led to disruption of the union
Slaves were used in the south on plantations
The Dred Scott decisions
Dred Scott was a slave who sought citizenship through the American legal system, and whose case eventually ended up in the Supreme Court. The famous Dred Scott Decision in 1857 denied his request stating that no person with African blood could become a U.
States Rights
In the Civil War era, this struggle focused heavily on the institution of slavery and whether the federal government had the right to regulate or even abolish slavery within an individual state. The sides of this debate were largely drawn between northern
Abolitionist Movement
By the early 1830s, those who wished to see that institution abolished within the United States were becoming more strident and influential. They claimed obedience to "higher law" over obedience to the Constitution's guarantee that a fugitive from one sta
Harriet B Stowe "Uncle toms Cabin
was published in serial form in an anti-slavery newspaper in 1851 and in book format in 1852. Within two years it was a nationwide and worldwide bestseller. Depicting the evils of slavery, it offered a vision of slavery that few in the nation had seen bef
Underground railraod
Anitslavery Movements+
rebellions+
Some abolitionists actively helped runaway slaves to escape via "the Underground Railroad," and there were instances in which men, even lawmen, sent to retrieve runaways were attacked and beaten by abolitionist mobs. To
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was an effort by the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives to maintain a balance of power between the slaveholding states and free states. The slaveholding states feared that if they became outnumbered in Congressional r
John Brown
Violence in politics
"Bloody Kansas" = state senate, hits charles shummer
"Harper Ferry Arsenal Raid
Harper Ferrys Raid
On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown and a band of followers seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), in what is believed to have been an attempt to arm a slave insurrection. (Brown denied this at his trial, but eviden
Election of Abe Lincoln
Exacerbating tensions, the old Whig political party was dying. Many of its followers joined with members of the American Party (Know-Nothings) and others who opposed slavery to form a new political entity in the 1850s, the Republican Party. When the Repub
Southern Seccesion
That was not enough to calm the fears of delegates to an 1860 secession convention in South Carolina. To the surprise of other Southern states�and even to many South Carolinians�the convention voted to dissolve the state's contract with the United States
Fort sumter
On April 10, 1861, knowing that resupplies were on their way from the North to the federal garrison at Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, provisional Confederate forces in Charleston demanded the fort's surrender. The fort's commande
Reasons that the South seceded from the Union and justifications that they made for doing so
Claim it's about state's rights, worried the Federal government is claiming too much power for itself. Lincoln's election was the straw that broke the camel's back, South see the North anti-slavery sentiments reaching a climax, don't want Lincoln to come
Please describe nullification and the role it played in the antebellum-era South.
KT and VA act at first by Jefferson, states have to override bills they don't like
Flames up with the near-secession ensued because of the SC Nullification crisis under Jackson's admin where they attempted to nullify a tariff they didn't like.
Flares up f
Give some historical context and explain the significance of the Fugitive Slave Law.
With 1850 Compromise to appease the South
Failure to comply with law = fine and imprisonment
Slaves with proof can be caught in North and taken back
Means that slaves in North are never really free
Please explain the historical context and significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
After Antietam, needed a battle of significance and close to home to give Union enough force to enforce a slave freeing
made the war about slaves and not just about preserving the union
Olive branch in a sense, said it would only free the rebellious slave
Comp of 1850
Missouri Compromise line wasn't extended to California, it was entirely a free state even though it crossed the line. Made a compromise to appease both the North and South.
1. California would remain a free state
2. South can keep and trade their slaves
3
How did the civil war affect citizenship, political participation, and social attitudes toward African Americans?
citizenship-the fourteenth amendment stated that is granted citizenship to all colored people.
political participation- the blacks joined the union league where they try and educate people on how to vote and encourage them to vote or even try to run for a
Gen Sherman
Super bloody and violent Union general, practiced of total warfare, determine general who annihilated the South at home, ruining the economy so they couldn't keep fighting. Led the "March to Sea" down to Atlanta then back up into South Carolina
Gen Shermans Campaign effects on the South
Homes were destroyed, infrastructure was destroyed, economy and fields were scorched. Caused a need for reconstruction, also hastened CSA surrender because without the infrastructure and economy they couldn't move or supply their troops as well as they sh
popular Sovereignty
-before the Civil War
-people living in a territory had the right to decide by voting if slavery would be okay there
Bleeding Kansas" or Kansas Border War (1854-1860)
passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
-pro-slavery forces from Missouri (Border Ruffians)
-go to Kansas --> terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers
-Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas did some attacks
-ex: John Brown's 1856 attack on the settlement at
Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)
series of seven debates in Illinois
-argued important issues of the day (ex: popular sovereignty, Lecompton Constitution, Dred Scott decision)
Douglas won these debates
-Lincoln's position in these debates helped him beat Douglas in the 1860 presidential
Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Antietam, Appomattox
-Battle sites of the Civil War.
-Gettysburg: Meade vs. Lee, three days, North won
-Vicksburg: besieged by Grant, surrendered after six months
-Antietam: turning point of the war, much-needed victory for Lincoln
-Appomattox: Lee surrendered to Grant
Norths Advantages
-Larger numbers of troops
-superior navy
-better transportation
-overwhelming financial and industrial reserves to create munitions and supplies, eventually outstripped the South's initial material advantage
Southern Advantages
-Large land areas with long coasts
-could afford to lose battles
-could export cotton for money
-fighting a defensive war
-needed to keep the North out of their states to win
-had nation's best military leaders, and most of the existing military equipment
who were the Union gens?
Grant, McClellan, Sherman, and Meade
What acts, laws etc, protected slaves after the civil war?
13th Amendment (12/18/1865)- abolished Slavery
Civil Rights Act (4/9/1866) -protect civil rights of African Americans -enacted by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson
14th Amendment (1868) -all persons born or naturalized in the United State
Peculiar Institution
Slavery
accomplishments 0f Reconstruction
15 African Americans were elected to the House of Representatives and to the Senate. The 15th Amendment was passed. The Union League was created. Overall education of both races increased.
fails of reconstruction
-waste and corruption. Many African Americans suffered under the corruption
Radical Reconsrct.
1867, removed governments in states not ratifying 14th Amendment, made 5 military districts, state must write a new constitution, ratify 14th Amendment, and allow African Americans to vote
Force acts
Force Acts Acts passed to promote African American voting and mainly aimed at limiting the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Through the acts, actions committed with the intent to influence voters, prevent them from voting, or conspiring to deprive them of
KKK
Ku Klux Klan White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties
Freedman
Are free black males
The Freedmans bureau
An early form of welfare, established for the benefit of freed slaves.
provided food clothing health care and education
Churches
African Methodist Episcopal Church ( A.M.E )
x3 in size
helped with social structure
Who was the next president
John Andrew-
Radical Republiclans
wanted to punish the south
Wade Davis Bill
required 50 of voters to take alligiance oat ans safegaurd to protrct freed blacks
Black Ciodes
Modernly known as jim crow laws,
designed to tie blacks ot their owners,
gaunterred povertty
they were contracts
descrimintary
First Battle Of Bull Run
First Battle Of Bull Run First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.
Second Battle Of Bull Run
Conflict between Lee and General John Pope in August 1862, ending in a decisive victory by Lee and the Confederates that led to increased confidence and an attempt to convince Maryland to secede,
The Anaconda Plan
the Union Strategy for winning the war was first to weaken the South and then to invade it; The Union would "restrict and squeeze" the South by not letting it ship or receive goods. It was the final Northern plan to end the War by Capturing Richmond, Bloc
Winfield Scott
United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) "Old Fuss And Feathers
Battle of Antietam
ivil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties
Ulysses S. Grant
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War. Union military commander who won victories when others had failed and defeated Lee
William T. Sherman
general of the Union whose march to sea caused destruction to the south. Gained plenty of recognition for his outstanding military strategy
Battle of Monitor
First engagement between ironclad ships; fought at Hampton Roads, VIrginia on March 9, 1862.,;
only major naval battle; the two ships fought four hours to a standstill
Trent Affair
foreign event involving Union seizure of British ship with Confederate diplomats.
In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as
First Confiscation Act
Passed on August 6, 1861 and stated that any property belonging to confederates used in war could be seized by federal forces. Any slaves used by their masters to benefit the war would be freed.
Second Confiscation Act
July 1862, authorized the seizure of all property of persons of rebellion and said slaves that came to Union lines were free forever
Fort Pillow Massacre
Union soldiers killed after surrendering. Confederate troops led by future KKK leader Nathan Bedford Forrest.
Compromise of of 1877
nded Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river
National Bank Act
It raised money for the Union in the American Civil War by enticing banks to buy federal bonds, and taxed state bonds out of existence. It helped the Union war effort economically.
Impressment Act
In 1863 the Confederate Congress passed this Act which authorized army officers to take food from farmers at prescribed rates. It also empowered agents to impress slaves into labor for the army
Stephen A. Douglas
Senator from Illinois who ran for president against Abraham Lincoln. Wrote the Kansas-Nebreaska Act and the Freeport Doctrine
Kansas-Nebraska Act-1854
The Kansas-Nebrask Act was an 1854 bill that mandated "popular sovereignty"-allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state's borders.
the bill overturned the Missouri Compromise's use of latitude as the boun
Lecompton Constitution
Supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state.
Boarder states
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
free port doctrine
congress cannot force a state to become a slave state against its will