Protestant Reformation
Sixteenth century religious reform movement begun by Martin Luther
Protestants
English Calvinists who sought a thorough cleansing from within the Church of England.
Separatist
Radical Calvinists who considered the Church of England so corrupt that they broke with it and formed their own independent churches
Mayflower Compact
The shipboard agreement by the Pilgrim Fathers to establish a body politic and submit to majority rule.
Covenant
Puritans' term for their belief that Massachusetts Bay had an agreement with God to become a holy society.
Dismissal of Parliament
Charles I's political action of 1629 that led to persecution of the Puritans and the formation of the Massachusetts Bay Company.
Fishing & Shipbuilding
The two major nonfarming industries of Massachusetts Bay.
Antinomianism
Anne Hutchinson's heretical belief that the truly saved not obey human or divine law.
Banishment
Common fate of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson after they were convicted of heresy in Massachusetts Bay.
Praying Towns
Villages where New England Indians who converted to Christianity were gathered
King Philip's War
Successful military action by the colonies united in the New England Confederation.
Glorious Revolution
English revolt that also led to the overthrow of the Dominion of New England in America.
Hudson River Valley
River valley where vast estates created an aristocratic landholding elite in New Netherland and New York.
Teslotes
Required, sworn statements of loyalty or religious belief, resisted by Quakers.
Smuggling
Common activity in which the colonists engaged to avoid the restrictive, unpopular Navigation Laws.
Martin Luther
German monk who began Protestant Reformation
John Calvin
Reformer whose religious ideas inspired English Puritans, Scotch Presbyterians, French Huguenots, and Dutch Reformed
Massasoit
Wampanoag chieftain who befriended English colonists
Plymouth
Small colony that eventually merged into Massachusetts Bay
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Colony whose government sought to enforce God's law on believers and unbelievers alike
John Winthrop
Promoter of Massachusetts Bay as a holy "city upon a hill
Great Puritan Migration
Mass flight from the persecutions of Archbishop Laud and Charles I
General Court
Representative assembly of Massachusetts Bay
Puritans
Dominant religious group in Massachusetts Bay Colony
Quakers
Religious group persecuted in Massachusetts and New York but not in Pennsylvania
Anne Hutchinson
Religious dissenter convicted of the heresy of antinomianism
Roger Williams
Radical founder of the most tolerant New England colony.
King Philip
Indian leader who waged an unsuccessful war against New England
Peter Stuyvesant
Conqueror of New Sweden who later lost New Netherland to the English
William Penn
Founder of the most tolerant and democratic of the middle colonies