Measurement
A quantity that has both a number and a unit
Scientific Notation
A given number is written as the product of two numbers
Precision
A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
Accepted Value
The correct value based on reliable references
Experimental Value
The value measured in the lab
Error
The difference between the experimental value and the accepted value
Equation for Error
Error= experimental value-accepted value
Percent Error
The absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value, multiplied by 100%
Significant Figures
All of the digits that can be know precisely in a measurement, plus a last estimated digit
International System of Units
(abbreviated SI, after the French name, Le Systeme International d' Unites) is a revised version of the metric system
The Five SI base units commonly used by Chemists
Meter, Kilogram, The Kelvin, the Second, and the Mole
Meter (m)
The basic SI unit of length or linear measure, all measurements of length can be expressed in this
Liter (L)
The common unprefixed unit of volume in the metric system
Metric Units of Length
Kilometer (km)
Meter (m)
Decimeter (dm)
Centimeter (cm)
Millimeter (mm)
Micrometer (um)
Nanometer (nm)
Metric Units of Volume
Liter (L)
Milliliter (mL)
Cubic centimeter (cm)
Kilogram (kg)
The basic SI unit of mass
Metric Units of Mass
Kilogram (kg) (base unit)
Gram (g)
Milligram (mg)
Microgram (ug)
Weight
A force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold an object is
Celsius and the kelvin
Scientists commonly use these two equivalent units of temperature
0 degrees Celsius 100 degrees Celsius
The Celsius Scale sets the freezing point of water at ___ and the boiling point of water at _____
273.15 kelvins 373.15 kelvins
On the Kelvin Scale the freezing point of water is ______ kelvins (K) and the boiling point is ____
Absolute zero
0 K or -273�C
Energy
The capacity to do work or to produce heat
joule (J)
The SI unit of energy
calorie (cal)
The quantity of heat that raises the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1�C
Conversion factor
A ratio of equivalent measurements
Dimensional analysis
A way to analyze and solve problems using the units, or dimensions,of the measurements
Density
The ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
Intensive
Density is a(n) _________ property that depends only on the composition of a substance, not on the six of the sample