Soluble
capable of being dissolved
Solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
Solvent
the dissolving medium in a solution
Suspension
when the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated
Colloids
has particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions
Electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current
Non-Electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct, an electric current
Solution Equilibrium
the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates
Saturated Solution
a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute
Unsaturated Solution
a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions
Supersaturated Solution
a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
Solubility
the amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature
Hydration
the exothermic process of surrounding solute ions with water molecules
Immiscible
liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other
Miscible
liquids that dissolve freely in one another in a proportion
Henry's Law
the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
Effervescence
the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved
Solvation
the exothermic process of surrounding solute particles with polar solvent particles
Heat of Solution
the net amount of heat energy absorbed or released when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent
Concentration
a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
Molarity
the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution
Molality
the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Solute
the substance dissolved in a solution
ion-dipole attraction
attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule as in solvation and hydration
Tyndall effect
scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible; not observed in solutions
insoluble
not capable of being dissolved in the given solvent
dipole
created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance
entropy
A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S
dissociation
Separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves.
weak electrolytes
a electrolyte that does not completely separate in the solution;
the solution will contain both ions and molecules of the electrolyte
strong electrolytes
a substance (strong acids, strong bases, and most salts) that is completely ionized in solution
colligative properties
properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles but not on their identity
mole fraction
The ratio of the number of moles of solute in a solution to the total number of moles of solute and solvent