what does it mean for a particle to be absolutely small? What particle fits that description?
its a challenge to understand them through observation.
explain the difference between observing an object such as a baseball and observing an object that is absolutely small.
you can measure the position of a baseball by observing the light that strikes it. The baseball is large compared to the light so it unaffected by your observation. In the case of an electron the light will change its position the thing your trying to mea
why is the quantum-mechanical model of the atom important for understanding chemistry?
it explains how electrons exist in atoms and how those electrons determine the chemical and physical properties of elements. (It explains why)
what is light? How fast does it travel in a vacuum?
light moves 3 x 10^8 m/s
define the wavelength and amplitude of a wave. How are these related to the energy of a wave?
the amplitude is the height of the wave and the wavelength is the distance between adjacent crests. Just like energy the wavelength and amplitude can vary from each other. For example it can have a short wavelength but high amplitude.
define the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. How is frequency related to wavelength?
the number of cycles that pass through a stationary point in a given period of time. Its inversely proportional to the wavelength.
what determines the color of light? For example describe the difference between red light and blue light.
wavelengths. A red light has a wavelength of about 750 and a blue light has a wavelength of about 450.
what determines the color of a colored object? For example explain why grass appears green.
the color of the light its absorbing is predominately red. Grass is green b/c the light is predominately green.
Give an approximate range for each type of electromagnetic radiation and summarize the characteristics of each.
a. gamma rays- 10^-15 to 10^-11. Excessive exposure can damage biological molecules.
b. ultra violet radiation- 10^-9 to 10^-7. Causes sunburns
c. X-rays - 10^-11 to 10^-9. X-ray ppl
d. visible light - 10^-6. Cant damage biological molecules due to low in
explain the wave behavior known as interference. Explain the difference between constructive and destructive interference.
waves can cancel each other out or build each other up. Constructive interference is when 2 waves of equal amplitude are in phase and destructive are when there out of phase.
explain the wave behavior known as diffraction. Draw the diffraction pattern that occurs when light travels through two slits comparable in size and separation to the light's wavelength.
when a wave meets an obstacle comparable in size to its wavelength it bends around it.
describe the photoelectric effect. How did experimental observations of this phenomenon differ from the predictions of classical electromagnetic theory?
the theory that many metals emit electrons when light is shined upon them.
how did the photoelectric effect lead Einstein to propose that light is quantized?
he discovered that the minimum energy needed to eject the e- is E=h x v
h= 6.636 x 10^-34 J* s
what is a photon? How is the energy of a photon related to its wavelength? Its frequency?
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what is an emission spectrum? How does an emission spectrum of a gas in a discharge tube differ from a white light spectrum?
its formed by an electric current passing through a gas in a vacuum tube which causes the gas to emit light.
describe the Bohr model for the atom. How did the Bohr model account for the emission spectra of atoms?
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