Electron Dot Structure
- a depiction of valence electrons around the symbol of an element
- a diagram that shows valence electrons as dot
Valence Electron
-an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atom
-the chemical properties of an element are largely determined by the number of valence electrons the element has
Octet Rule
- Atoms in compounds tend to have the electron configuration of a noble gas
- In forming compounds, atoms tend to react so as to acquire the stable electron configuration of a noble gas
Cations
atoms or groups of atoms with a positive charge
-metals
Anions
atom or groups of atoms with a negative charge
-non-metals
Halide ions
-ions that are produced when halogens gain electrons
-a negative ion formed
Chloride ion
has the electron configuration of argon
Ionic Compounds
compounds composed of cations and anions
Ionic Bonds
the electrostatic forces of attraction binding oppositely charged ions together
Chemical Formula
shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance
Formula unit
lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
Coordination Number
- the number of ions of opposite charge surrounding each ion in a crystal
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Metallic Bonds
- the attraction of free-floating valence electrons for positively charged metal ions
Alloy
- a mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal
Monatomic ions
ions formed from single atoms
Polyatomic ions
ions formed from groups of atoms
Classical naming system
a traditional way of naming transition metal cations
Binary Compounds
ionic compounds composed of two elements
Transition metals
Group B metals, many of which have more than one common ionic charge
Metallic Bonds
made of cations that are surrounded by mobile valence electrons
Describe the formation of an ion from a metal and a nonmetal in terms of the octet rule?
Nonmetals attain stable noble gas configurations by gaining electrons and forming anions with outer electrons in the existing energy level. Metals attain noble gas configurations by losing electrons and forming cations with a complete octet in the next-lo