AP Chem Types of Solids

What are the four types of solids?

Ionic, molecular, network covalent, metallic

Name four examples of ionic solids.

NaCl, MgBr2, MgSO4, NH4CL

What are the structural particles of ionic solids?

cations and anions

Ionic: Force within the particle

None

Ionic: Forces between the particles

ionic bond

Ionic: Four properties

-nonvolatile
-high melting pts(600-2000 *C)
-solids do not conduct electricity; liquids and solutions do
-many are soluble in water ("solubility rules"); insoluble in organic solvents

Molecular: 4 examples

I2, H2O, C12H22O11

Molecular: structural particles

molecules (polar or nonpolar molecules)

Molecular: Forces within particles

covalent bonds

Molecular: Forces between particles

intermolecular forces (Hydrogen bonds, dipole forces, dispersion forces)

Molecular: 4 properties

-most are nonconductors as solids or in water (some polar molecules do conduct in water)
-most are insoluble in water (some polar molecules are soluble in water); soluble in organic solvents
-volatile (evaporate easily)
-low melting & boiling pts (many ar

Network Covalent: 5 examples

C, Si, SiO2, Ge, SiC

Network Covalent: Structural Particles

Atoms

Network Covalent: Forces within Particles

None

Network Covalent: Forces between particles

Covalent Bonds

Network Covalent: Three Properties

-Very high melting points(>100*C)
-Insoluble in all common solvents
-Poor electrical conductors (except for graphite)

Metallic: 4 Examples

Fe, Na, Ca, Ag

Metallic: Particles

Cations Mobile Electrons

Metallic: Forces Within Particles

None

Metallic: Forces Between Particles

Metallic Bonds

Metallic: Five Properties

-high electrical & thermal conductivity
-ductile, malleable
-luster
-insol. in water and other common solvents
-wide range in melting pts