Chemistry Chapter 16: Molarity

saturated solution

contains the maximum amount of solute for given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure

solubility

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution

unsaturated solution

a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure

miscible

when two liquids can dissolve in each other in all proportions

immiscible

liquids that are insoluble in each other

supersaturated solution

contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature

Henry's law

at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid

concentration

a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

dilute solution

one that contains a small amount of solute

concentrated solution

contains a large amount of solute

molarity (M)

the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution

colligative property

a property that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identity

freezing-point depression

the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent

boiling point elevation

the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent

molality (M)

the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (1000 g) of solvent. also known as molal concentration

mole fraction

the ratio of the moles of that solute to the total number of moles of solvent and solute

molal freezing point depression constant

the constant K(f) in T(b)=k(b)x m
the change in freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute

molal boiling point elevation constant

the change in boiling point for a 1-molal solution of nonvolatile molecular solute