Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Behavior
Not just human/ act, response and stimulus
Mental Processes
Cognition, brain, language, instincts
Wilhelm Wundt
1879- opened first psyc lab
Structuralism; first psych lab; "father of psychology
William James
Functionalism; studied people and their enviornment
John Dewey
Education psych; emphasis on experience and learning
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalysis; role of unconscious
Ivan Pavlov
Physiologist; classical conditioning in dogs
John Watson
Behaviorism; Phobias- conditioned emotional response
Carl Rogers
Humansim; aim is to assist the individual to grow
Psychodynamic
Modern version of psycho analysis but more focused on the development
of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a persons
behavior other than sexual motivations
Introspection
Method of self observations
Behavioral
Skinner studied apparent conditioning of voluntary behavior (reinforcement)
Conditioning
Training an animal or human to respond to a stimulus or event
Stimulus
An event or anything capable of influencing the activity of any
living creature
Response
Any behavior that results from a stimulus
Humanistic
Belief that people have free will, the freedom to choose their own destiny.
Self actualization
achieving ones full potential or actual self
Cognitive
Focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving and learning
Sociocultural
Focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.
Bio-psychological
Attributes behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such
as genetic influences, hormones, and the nervous systems
Evolutionary
Focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics
that all humans share and develop over time
Identity
A set of a behavior or personal characteristics by which an
individual is recognizable
Interpersonal Relationships
Ways of dealing with other eople, interactions with Parents ,friends,
teachers, etc
Self-Actualization
Taking responsibility for ones own life and decisions understanding
ones own psychological needs, self-direction (full human potential)
Society
The totality of social relationships among human beings
Scientific Method
Basic 4 step technique for investigating complex problems
Hypothesis
An educated guess about why things happen
Variables
Aspects of an experimental situation that can change
Controlled Variables
Aspects kept constant
Independent Variable
Only factor aloud to change in an experiment
Dependent Variable
Variable being measured; results of the change of independent variable
Experimental Group
Subjects that receive the independent variable
Single-blind Experiment
Both the control and experimental groups receive apparently identical
treatment and neither group knows the purpose
Double-Blind Experiment
A 3rd party controls the independent variable and placebos in order
to avoid subject and researcher reactions that might affect the results